An Effective chaos-based image watermarking scheme using fractal coding

AbstractThe image watermarking technology is a technique of embedding hidden data in an original image. In this paper, a new watermarking method for embedding watermark bits based on Chaos-Fractal Coding is given. A chaotic signal is defined as being deterministic, pseudo periodic and presenting sensitivity to initial conditions. Combining a chaos system with Fractal Coding plays an important role in the security, invisibility and capacity of the proposed scheme. The main idea of the new proposed algorithm for coding is to determine a set of selective blocks for steady embedding. Simulation results show that the CFC algorithm (Chaos-Fractal Coding) has a confident capacity. The embedding technique that proposed in this paper is quite general, and can be applied to the extracting scheme with demanded changes

A new approach to targetry and cyclotron production of 45Ti by proton irradiation of 45Sc

Titanium-45 with a half-life of 3.09 hours decays by emission of positrons (85%) and the electron capture process (15%). These properties make this radionuclide useful in the diagnosis of tumors by positron emission tomography. In this study, after having considered the excitation functions for the 45Sc(p, n)45Ti reaction using TALYS and ALICE/ASH codes and after the comparison with other experimental data, 45Ti was produced by dint of the pressing method and a newly designed and manufactured shuttle and capsule, resulting in an experimental yield of 403.3 MBq/mAh. Essential target thickness and physical yield were calculated. The scandium oxide target was irradiated at a 20 mA current and a 21 MeV proton beam energy for 1 hour

Formulating a Conceptual Model of Wisdom Based on Islamic Sources: Grounded Theory

The present study tried to achieve a conceptual model of wisdom and examine its validating through three methods of linguistic semantics, grounded theory, and survey descriptive method. By reviewing the concept of wisdom in the fields of vocabulary and psychology, 23 primary concepts related to wisdom were identified in Islamic sources. After analyzing content validity, nineteen concepts were left out of 23 concepts. In the phase of collecting the documents, there were 2149 data resulted from seeking the data related to nineteen concepts which were screened in the two stages of book weakness and the lack of conceptual relevance. It resulted in omitting 1039 documents and leaving 1110 Islamic data as well as twelve concepts for modeling. These concepts, including reason (Aghl), intellect (Hekmat), distinction (Tamiz), knowledge (Marefat), science (Elm), mental processing (Pardazesh Zehni), understanding (Fahm), insight (Basirat), acumen (Ferasat), perspicacity (Kiasat), Fiqh, ingenuity (Fetanat), and sagacity (Zekavat), were analyzed using grounded theory in the four stages. By the judgmental sampling, 1276 primary open codes, 344 centralized open codes, 84 axial codes, and 19 core categories were identified. The proportionality among the core categories and comparing them with the documents showed that Islamic wisdom consists of ten conceptual elements, including knowledge (Danesh), distinction (Tamiz), mental processing (Pardazesh Zehni), control (Mahar), certainty in action (Etghan dar Amal), perspicacity (Kiasat), acumen (Ferasat), insight (Basirat), Fiqh, and cleverness (Tizfahmi). These elements were analyzed by eleven experts and Content Validity Index (CVI). In addition, the experts confirmed the validity of elements

The Experience of Beauty or Love as a Religious Experience in Plato

The issue of the article is whether the experience of Beauty or love in Plato can be considered as some kind of religious experience. First, the article describes different views on the religious experience. Then it deals with Plato's view on beauty and love and their relationship. finally, demonstrating the divinity of Beauty in Plato, the article shows that if religious experience is an encounter of the experiencer with the divine being, or in religious term God, that manifests itself in various forms, and that encounter is accompanied by a direct conscious of the divine being, then the experience of Beauty or love in Plato can be considered as a kind of religious experience. The article merely claims that the experience of Beauty or love is an instance of religious experience, and it does not have any epistemological view on religious experience, however, any epistemological view on religious experience logically includes the experience of Beauty or love. Key words: religious experience, beauty, love, divinity, Plat

Assessment of the Experience of Beauty in Plato as the Numinous Experience

The issue of the article is defending the claim that the experience of Beauty can be considered the numinous experience. First, the article explains Otto’s view on numinous experiences. Then it explains Plato’s view on Beauty and love. Finally, comparing the two views, the article shows that the experience of Beauty or Platonic love can be considered the numinous experience. Because, firstly, the experience of Beauty or Platonic love is an awareness of a “wholly other” being, which possesses all or at least the most prominent features of the numinous awareness. Secondly, Beauty as the object of this awareness also possesses all or at least the most prominent features of the numen. Therefore, the experience of Beauty is the very experience of the numen. Keywords religious experience, numinous experience, the numen, Beauty, love, Plato, and Ott