Solve memory to solve cognition

The foundations of cognition and cognitive behaviour are consistently proposed to be built upon the capability to predict (at various levels of abstraction). For autonomous cognitive agents, this implicitly assumes a foundational role for memory, as a mechanism by which prior experience can be brought to bear in the service of present and future behaviour. In this contribution, this idea is extended to propose that an active process of memory provides the substrate for cognitive processing, particularly when considering it as fundamentally associative and from a developmental perspective. It is in this context that the claim is made that in order to solve the question of cognition, the role and function of memory must be fully resolved

Grain boundary partitioning of Ar and He

An experimental procedure has been developed that permits measurement of the partitioning of Ar and He between crystal interiors and the intergranular medium (ITM) that surrounds them in synthetic melt-free polycrystalline diopside aggregates. ^(37)Ar and ^(4)He are introduced into the samples via neutron irradiation. As samples are crystallized under sub-solidus conditions from a pure diopside glass in a piston cylinder apparatus, noble gases diffusively equilibrate between the evolving crystal and intergranular reservoirs. After equilibration, ITM Ar and He is distinguished from that incorporated within the crystals by means of step heating analysis. An apparent equilibrium state (i.e., constant partitioning) is reached after about 20 h in the 1450 °C experiments. Data for longer durations show a systematic trend of decreasing ITM Ar (and He) with decreasing grain boundary (GB) interfacial area as would be predicted for partitioning controlled by the network of planar grain boundaries (as opposed to ITM gases distributed in discrete micro-bubbles or melt). These data yield values of GB-area-normalized partitioning, K¯^(Ar)_(ITM), with units of (Ar/m^3 of solid)/(Ar/m^2 of GB) of 6.8 x 10^3 – 2.4 x 104 m^(-1). Combined petrographic microscope, SEM, and limited TEM observation showed no evidence that a residual glass phase or grain boundary micro-bubbles dominated the ITM, though they may represent minor components. If a nominal GB thickness (δ) is assumed, and if the density of crystals and the grain boundaries are assumed equal, then a true grain boundary partition coefficient (K^(Ar)_(GB) = X^(Ar)_(crystals)/X^(Ar)_(GB) may be determined. For reasonable values of δ, K^(Ar)_(GB) is at least an order of magnitude lower than the Ar partition coefficient between diopside and melt. Helium partitioning data provide a less robust constraint with K¯^(He)_(ITM) between 4 x 10^3 and 4 x 10^4 cm^(-1), similar to the Ar partitioning data. These data suggest that an ITM consisting of nominally melt free, bubble free, tight grain boundaries can constitute a significant but not infinite reservoir, and therefore bulk transport pathway, for noble gases in fine grained portions of the crust and mantle where aqueous or melt fluids are non-wetting and of very low abundance (i.e., <0.1% fluid). Heterogeneities in grain size within dry equilibrated systems will correspond to significant differences in bulk rock noble gas content

Excited TBA Equations I: Massive Tricritical Ising Model

We consider the massive tricritical Ising model M(4,5) perturbed by the thermal operator phi_{1,3} in a cylindrical geometry and apply integrable boundary conditions, labelled by the Kac labels (r,s), that are natural off-critical perturbations of known conformal boundary conditions. We derive massive thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations for all excitations by solving, in the continuum scaling limit, the TBA functional equation satisfied by the double-row transfer matrices of the A_4 lattice model of Andrews, Baxter and Forrester (ABF) in Regime III. The complete classification of excitations, in terms of (m,n) systems, is precisely the same as at the conformal tricritical point. Our methods also apply on a torus but we first consider (r,s) boundaries on the cylinder because the classification of states is simply related to fermionic representations of single Virasoro characters chi_{r,s}(q). We study the TBA equations analytically and numerically to determine the conformal UV and free particle IR spectra and the connecting massive flows. The TBA equations in Regime IV and massless RG flows are studied in Part II.Comment: 31 pages, 8 figure

Exact ϕ1,3\phi_{1,3} boundary flows in the tricritical Ising model

We consider the tricritical Ising model on a strip or cylinder under the integrable perturbation by the thermal $\phi_{1,3}$ boundary field. This perturbation induces five distinct renormalization group (RG) flows between Cardy type boundary conditions labelled by the Kac labels $(r,s)$. We study these boundary RG flows in detail for all excitations. Exact Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) equations are derived using the lattice approach by considering the continuum scaling limit of the $A_4$ lattice model with integrable boundary conditions. Fixing the bulk weights to their critical values, the integrable boundary weights admit a thermodynamic boundary field $\xi$ which induces the flow and, in the continuum scaling limit, plays the role of the perturbing boundary field $\phi_{1,3}$. The excitations are completely classified, in terms of string content, by $(m,n)$ systems and quantum numbers but the string content changes by either two or three well-defined mechanisms along the flow. We identify these mechanisms and obtain the induced maps between the relevant finitized Virasoro characters. We also solve the TBA equations numerically to determine the boundary flows for the leading excitations.Comment: 42 pages, 11 figures, Latex; v2: some typos corrected and few comments adde

Lattice Approach to Excited TBA Boundary Flows: Tricritical Ising Model

We show how a lattice approach can be used to derive Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) equations describing all excitations for boundary flows. The method is illustrated for a prototypical flow of the tricritical Ising model by considering the continuum scaling limit of the A4 lattice model with integrable boundaries. Fixing the bulk weights to their critical values, the integrable boundary weights admit two boundary fields $\xi$ and $\eta$ which play the role of the perturbing boundary fields $\phi_{1,3}$ and $\phi_{1,2}$ inducing the renormalization group flow between boundary fixed points. The excitations are completely classified in terms of (m,n) systems and quantum numbers but the string content changes by certain mechanisms along the flow. For our prototypical example, we identify these mechanisms and the induced map between the relevant finitized Virasoro characters. We also solve the boundary TBA equations numerically to determine the flows for the leading excitations.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX; v2: some useful notations and one reference added; to appear in PL