Using Pop Culture to Improve Teacher-Student Relationships

The Capstone Project discussed the use of popular culture and using the terms to improve a teacher’s Teacher-Student Relationship. The participants for the Capstone Project included 12 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade teachers in a public elementary school located in California’s Monterey County. The writer conducted a professional workshop with the aforementioned elementary school teachers. The workshop introduced a total of 25 popular culture terms for the teachers to use to improve their Teacher-Student Relationship. The writer emphasized as casual use of these terms in an effort to foster a genuine Teacher-Student Relationship. After the workshop, a follow-up survey was sent out to record positive changes in the teachers Teacher-Student Relationship. This Capstone Project connects to the writer’s career path because he can conduct professional development workshops for his future colleges. It also shows the writer that teaching can connect a child’s world

Simulation of fermionic lattice models in two dimensions with Projected Entangled-Pair States: Next-nearest neighbor Hamiltonians

In a recent contribution [Phys. Rev. B 81, 165104 (2010)] fermionic Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS) were used to approximate the ground state of free and interacting spinless fermion models, as well as the $t$-$J$ model. This paper revisits these three models in the presence of an additional next-nearest hopping amplitude in the Hamiltonian. First we explain how to account for next-nearest neighbor Hamiltonian terms in the context of fermionic PEPS algorithms based on simulating time evolution. Then we present benchmark calculations for the three models of fermions, and compare our results against analytical, mean-field, and variational Monte Carlo results, respectively. Consistent with previous computations restricted to nearest-neighbor Hamiltonians, we systematically obtain more accurate (or better converged) results for gapped phases than for gapless ones.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, minor change

Particles in RSOS paths

We introduce a new representation of the paths of the Forrester-Baxter RSOS models which represents the states of the irreducible modules of the minimal models M(p',p). This representation is obtained by transforming the RSOS paths, for the cases p> 2p'-2, to new paths for which horizontal edges are allowed at certain heights. These new paths are much simpler in that their weight is nothing but the sum of the position of the peaks. This description paves the way for the interpretation of the RSOS paths in terms of fermi-type charged particles out of which the fermionic characters could be obtained constructively. The derivation of the fermionic character for p'=2 and p=kp'+/- 1 is outlined. Finally, the particles of the RSOS paths are put in relation with the kinks and the breathers of the restricted sine-Gordon model.Comment: 15 pages, few typos corrected, version publishe

James Phinney Baxter III Correspondence

Entries include typed letters on Office of the President, Williams College stationery from Baxter and his secretar

A transition between the hot and the ultra-hot Jupiter atmospheres

[Abridged] A key hypothesis in the field of exoplanet atmospheres is the trend of atmospheric thermal structure with planetary equilibrium temperature. We explore this trend and report here the first statistical detection of a transition in the near-infrared (NIR) atmospheric emission between hot and ultra-hot Jupiters. We measure this transition using secondary eclipse observations and interpret this phenomenon as changes in atmospheric properties, and more specifically in terms of transition from non-inverted to inverted thermal profiles. We examine a sample of 78 hot Jupiters with secondary eclipse measurements at 3.6 {\mu}m and 4.5 {\mu}m measured with Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC). We measure the deviation of the data from the blackbody, which we define as the difference between the observed 4.5 {\mu}m eclipse depth and that expected at this wavelength based on the brightness temperature measured at 3.6 {\mu}m. We study how the deviation between 3.6 and 4.5 {\mu}m changes with theoretical predictions with equilibrium temperature and incoming stellar irradiation. We reveal a clear transition in the observed emission spectra of the hot Jupiter population at 1660 +/- 100 K in the zero albedo, full redistribution equilibrium temperature. We find the hotter exoplanets have even hotter daysides at 4.5 {\mu}m compared to 3.6 {\mu}m, which manifests as an exponential increase in the emitted power of the planets with stellar insolation. We propose that the measured transition is a result of seeing carbon monoxide in emission due to the formation of temperature inversions in the atmospheres of the hottest planets. These thermal inversions could be caused by the presence of atomic and molecular species with high opacities in the optical and/or the lack of cooling species. We find that the population of hot Jupiters statistically disfavors high C/O planets (C/O>= 0.85).Comment: Accepted 11th May 202

Everett S. Allen Correspondence

Entries include an artistic invitation from Mac and Miriam with an Eskimo greeting to meet them with Allen on Bowdoin Reunion day at Mystic Seaport, Conn., a publisher advertisement, typed letters on The Standard-Times, New Bedford, Massachusetts stationery, and a descriptive biography that includes an interview with poet Carl Sandberg, congressional testimony and exclusive political interviews in the 1950-1960\u27

A Protocol for Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence

Messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence (METI) is a branch of study concerned with constructing and broadcasting a message toward habitable planets. Since the Arecibo message of 1974, the handful of METI broadcasts have increased in content and complexity, but the lack of an established protocol has produced unorganized or cryptic messages that could be difficult to interpret. Here we outline the development of a self-consistent protocol for messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence that provides constraints and guidelines for the construction of a message in order to maximize the probability that the message effectively communicates. A METI protocol considers several factors including signal encoding, message length, information content, anthropocentrism, transmission method, and transmission periodicity. Once developed, the protocol will be released for testing on different human groups worldwide and across cultural boundaries. An effective message to extraterrestrials should at least be understandable by humans, and releasing the protocol for testing will allow us to improve the protocol and develop potential messages. Through an interactive website, users across the world will be able to create and exchange messages that follow the protocol in order to discover the types of messages better suited for cross-cultural communication. The development of a METI protocol will serve to improve the quality of messages to extraterrestrials, foster international collaboration, and extend astrobiology outreach to the public.Comment: Accepted for publication in Space Polic