ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEINS IN MAXIMIZING PRODUCTIVITY IN ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS (COLEOPTERA TENEBRIONIDAE)

Among all Tenebrionidae beetles Alphitobius diaperinus is considered a good choice for high-scale facility production of feed and food. It is widely considered that studies regarding the impact of the different dietary components on growth performances are very few and focused only on certain aspects, e.g. problems connected to the harmfulness of this species for stored products (rearing to test insecticides, studies about dietary preferences regarding different cereals). The real role of the different dietary components was never evaluated in order to better comprehend how to project diets that maximize productivity (maximum number of specimen as function of time). Research on the role of proteins and carbohydrates ascertained that a high protein content is required to obtain the best growth performances for this species. Carbohydrates also play a key role, though secondary to proteins.The diets thus obtained establish an important starting point for future formulations aimed at obtaining useful insects for feed and also for human consumption, soon to be legalized worldwide

Epuraea imperialis (Reitter, 1877). New invasive species of Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) in Europe, with a checklist of sap beetles introduced to Europe and Mediterranean areas

Australian species Epuraea imperialis (Reitter, 1877), previously introduced to New Zealand, is recorded as a new invasive species from the Canary Islands, Continental Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, and Italy. It is redescribed and figured, and its taxonomic position in the genus Epuraea Erichson, 1843 is discussed. A tentative checklist of sap beetles introduced to Europe and the Mediterranean areas is finally included

Solariola vitalei A. Solari & F. Solari 1923

<i>Solariola vitalei</i> A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923 <p>Fig. 5: A–F; Fig. 10–11: E; Fig. 12: (5).</p> <p> <i>Solariola vitalei</i>: A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923: 51; Luigioni, 1929: 871; Porta, 1932: 58; Lona, 1937: 233; Osella, 1976: 194; Abbazzi et al., 1989: 322; Abbazzi & Osella, 1992: 302; Osella, 1996: 353, 355; Abbazzi <i>et al</i>., 1995: 22; Colonnelli, 2003: 46; Osella <i>et al</i>., 2005: 101, 108; Osella <i>et al</i>., 2005; Abbazzi & Maggini, 2009: 58; Magnano & Alonso Zarazaga, 2013: 347.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Sicily, Messina.</p> <p> <i>Holotype.</i> ♂, with following labels: 1) Messina [Leg.] Vitale [white handwritten]; 2) Type ♂ [white printed], <i>Solariola vitalei</i> Solari Bol. Soc. En. It. 1923 [white handwritten] (MSNM).</p> <p> <i>Paratypes.</i> 4 ♂♂, same holotype data. (MSNM).</p> <p> <i>Others Specimens.</i> 162 <i>♂♂</i> ♀♀ Messina Vitale; Messina, 04.V.1906, Dodero; Messina Peloritani Monte Ciccia, 500 m a.s.l., 22.III.2009, Leg. Baviera; same data, 11. VI.2009; same data, 15. VI.2009; same data, 25.XI.2009; same data, 06.I.2010; same locality, 24.VI.1991, Leg. Bellò; Castanea [Messina], I.1931, Vitale; same locality, XII.[1]931; Messina Calamarà Castanea 420 m, Vitale & Schatzmayr; Calameria, [Messina] 10.IV. [1]934, Vitale; Dint. Messina Calamarà, 4.V.1933, Vitale; same locality, 2. III.1929, Vitale; same locality, 16.III.1938, Vitale; same locality, 16.IV.1934, Vitale; same locality, 1.III.1934, Vitale; same locality, 12.V.1939, Vitale; same locality, 19.XI.1927, Vitale; same locality, 21.I.1933, Vitale; same locality, 21.II.1932, Vitale; Cudduttà, [Messina], 04.IV.1918, Vitale; same locality, 23.III.1930, Vitale; same locality, 15.IV.1930, Vitale; same locality, 24.IV.1918, Vitale; same locality, 22.IV.1911, Vitale; same locality, 29.III. [18]80, Vitale; Messina Peloritani, Portella Armacera, 700 m a.s.l., 15. VI.2009, Leg. Baviera; same data, 06.I.2010; Messina Peloritani, Portella Croce Cumia, 800 m a.s.l., 02.I.2009, Leg. Baviera; Messina Castanea contr. Grazia 500 m a.s.l., 29.II.2012 Leg. Baviera; Messina Curcuraci 350 m a.s.l., 25.XI.2009, Leg. Baviera; same data, 06.I.2010; 0 3.III.2009, Leg. Baviera; Messina (presso) Pellegrino, 26.III.1972, Leg. Bernini (GOS, CBE, CBA, ECO, MSNM, MSNG, MZCU, MBAC).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A small to medium sized <i>Solariola</i> with elytral setae shorter than pronotal ones, elongate prothorax with maximum width in the middle, elytral setae raised on the elytral surface (angle with elytral surface 15–45°), punctures of pronotum shallower than those of elytral, median lobe of aedeagus with very evident sub-medial constriction.</p> <p> <b>Holotype redescription.</b> Body length 2.66 mm, maximum width of elytra 0.76 mm. Rostrum longer than wide (width/length 0.81), confusedly and deeply wrinkled, with narrow furrow, subparallel rostral carinae very slightly arched and closest at base. Antennae with scape 5 times longer than wide, slightly curved at proximal third, regularly thickened from base to apex, funicle almost 9 times longer than wide, segment 1 of funicle clavate, more than 2 times longer than wide, segment 2 shorter and about 2 times longer than wide, segment 3 subquadrate, 4 to 6 and slightly longer than wide, 7 slightly wider than long (width/length ratio 1.09); club three-segmented, oval, slightly less than twice long its width (width/length ratio 0.52), densely covered with short setae. Prothorax slightly longer than wide (width/length ratio 0.95), strongly convex, widest at middle, disc strongly and irregularly sculptured by large deep punctures merged with smaller shallower ones which bear long recumbent seta, these pairs of points are more distant from each other on disc than on sides, their interspaces smooth, strongly inclined centripetal setae inserted in smaller punctures are on average less long than 3 times average diameter of larger points. Elytra oblong elongate, oval, narrower at base than maximum width of prothorax, length twice long their overall width (width/length ratio 0.49), subparallel sides regularly convergent to apex, scarcely and very regularly curved, maximum width at mid length, narrowing apically. Strial punctures almost square, each bearing a short seta as long as, or slightly less, than average diameter (≤ 0.03 mm) of punctures, the punctures of first two striae more widely separated than others. Interstriae flat, clearly demarcated by points of striae, minutely punctured, points lower in number than those of striae, each bearing a fairly long (from 0.06 to 0.08 mm) almost curved laterally flattened and much raised (angle with elytral surface 15–45°) seta, some of those setae on elytral apex are spatulate and recumbent on elytral surface. Aedeagus long, strongly curved in lateral view (Fig. 11: E), sclerotisation of sides extremely broadened with exclusion of apex, sides parallel only on apex, minimum width in the middle, where there is a very evident constriction so that the basal width is reduced by half (minimum width/total length ratio 0.13), apices of the sides rapidly widened at lamella base, slightly arched apex regularly curved; short lamella widely covered by broad sides, medially strongly raised.</p> <p> <i>Female genitalia and variabilty.</i> Spermatheca with very long broad nodulus. Cornu strongly falcate elongate. Other males slightly differ only by size, ♀ ♀ differs by the usual sexual dimorphism observed in others species.</p> <p>TL SL SW FL FW CL CW PL PW PW EL EW EW PS ES --- ---</p> <p>PL EL</p> <p> <b>♂</b> holotype 2.65 0.44 0.08 0.48 0.05 0.23 0.12 0.60 0.57 0.95 1.61 0.82 0.49 0.06 0.08 <b>Distribution.</b> Peloritani Mounts mainly over Messina city, from 300 m up to 800 m a. s. l. (Fig.12).</p> <p> <b>Affinities.</b> Morphologically very similar to <i>S. fraterna</i> because of elytral setae raised on elytral surface, but differing from it by less rounded sides of pronotum, characteristic shape of aedeagus and spermatheca.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> Adults of <i>S. vitalei</i> have been sifted from the leaf litter of a <i>Quercus</i> forest on gravelly-sandy soil.</p>Published as part of <i>Baviera, Cosimo, 2015, A review of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae, Peritelini), pp. 401-430 in Zootaxa 3920 (3)</i> on pages 415-417, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/240750">http://zenodo.org/record/240750</a&gt

Solariola gestroi A. Solari & F. Solari 1904

<i>Solariola gestroi</i> (A. Solari & F. Solari, 1904) <p>Fig. 1: A–F; Fig. 10–11: A; Fig. 12: (1).</p> <p> <i>Otiorhynchus (Troglorhynchus) gestroi</i> A. Solari & F. Solari, 1904: 169. <i>Troglorhynchus (Solariella) gestroi</i>: Flach, 1905: 318; Normand, 1908: 227. <i>Troglorhynchus (Solariola) gestroi:</i> Hoffmann, 1950: 151.</p> <p> <i>Solariola gestroi</i>: A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923: 51; Luigioni, 1929: 871; Porta, 1932: 57; Lona, 1937: 233; Osella, 1976: 194; Abbazzi <i>et al.</i>, 1989: 321; Abbazzi & Osella, 1992: 302; Abbazzi <i>et al.</i>, 1995: 22; Osella & Di Marco 1996: 355; Colonnelli, 2003: 46; Osella <i>et al</i>., 2005; Abbazzi & Maggini, 2009: 58; Magnano and Alonso Zarazaga, 2013: 346.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Vallo della Lucania, S. Biase di Ceraso.</p> <p> <i>Holotype.</i> Male, with the following labels: 1) S. Biase di Ceraso, 20.V.1902 [white handwritten], [leg.] Solari [white printed]. 2) Type [white printed] <i>♂</i>, <i>Troglorhynchus Gestroi</i> Solari Boll. Soc. E. it. 1903 [white handwritten]. <i>Solariola gestroi</i> (A. & F. Solari, 1903) HOLOTYPE [red printed] (MSNM).</p> <p> <i>Paratypes.</i> Two ♀♀, with the following labels: 1) S. Biase di Ceraso, 20.V.1902 [white handwritten], [leg.] Solari [white printed]. 2) cotype [white printed] ♀, <i>Troglorhynchus Gestroi</i> Solari Boll. Soc. E. it. 1903 [white handwritten]. <i>Solariola gestroi</i> (A. & F. Solari, 1903) PARATYPE [red printed], (MSNM). 1) S. Biase di Ceraso, 20.V.1902 [white handwritten], [leg.] Solari [white printed]. 2) cotype [white printed] ♀, <i>Troglorhynchus Gestroi</i> Solari Boll. Soc. E. it. 1903 [white handwritten]. <i>Troglorhynchus Gestroi</i> Solari cotype [white handwritten]; PARATYPE <i>Ot. Troglorhynchus Gestroi</i> A. & F.Solari [red printed and handwritten]; Museo Genova Coll. A. Dodero (acquisto 2000); <i>Solariola gestroi</i> (A. & F. Solari, 1903) PARATYPE [red printed] (MSNG).</p> <p> <i>Other specimens.</i> 67 <i>♂♂</i> ♀♀, with the following data: S. Biase di Ceraso, 7.XI.1902, [Leg.] Bensa; Vallo Lucano, [leg.] Solari; S. Biase, Vallo Lucano, 12.VI.1904, [leg.] Solari; same data, V.1904; same data; 8.VI.1904; same data, VI.1904; same data, 10.VI.1904; same data, 15.VI.1904; same data 25.V.1907; Stazione Ferroviaria di Sicignano, Prov. Salerno, 12.IV.1909, [leg.] Andreini; Vallolucano, Novi Velia, 29.IV.1966, Sbordoni Leg.; Salerno Vallo della Lucania Novi Velia, 31.X.2011, Leg. Bellò C. (CBA, CBE, MSNM, MSNG, GOS).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Small (2.55–2.85 mm) with long pronotal setae, long elytral setae curved and very strongly inclined towards elytral surface (angle 0–5°), long funiculus with last four segments longer than wide.</p> <p> <b>Holotipe redescription:</b> Body length 2.64 mm, maximum width of elytra 0.78 mm. Head thinly punctured on frons, this with median slightly elongate dimple and long setae pointing backward. Rostrum 1.18 times wider than long, slender, slightly arched, with rostral carinae closest to base. Under sides of rostrum densely covered under the scrobe with whitish-yellowish spatulate setae, also partially visible dorsally around eyes. Antennal scape 5 times longer than wide, slightly curved in the proximal third, regularly thickened from base to apex which is curved on the basal third; funicle more than 8 times longer than wide, segment 1 of funicle clavate, more than twice longer than wide, 2 obviously longer than wide, 3 rectangular and slightly conical, 4–7 subquadrate and longer than wide, 7 longer than the others except the first two; club oval, three segmented, 0.53 times longer than wide, densely covered with short setae. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, strongly convex, widest slightly apicad of middle, centripetal discal setae strongly inclined and more than three times longer than the average diameter of the larger points. Elytra elongate oval, twice longer than wide, sub-parallel sides regularly convergent to apex, scarcely and very regularly curved, maximum width at midlength, narrowing apically, sutural interval flat. Interstriae clearly demarcated by striae, flat, with small punctures whose number is less than that of the points of striae, each bearing a laterally flattened seta (average length 0.08 mm), almost curved and strongly inclined on elytral surface (angle 0–5°). Aedeagus moderately and very regularly curved, sclerotisation of sides broadened in basal half, sides parallel from base to midlength, with medially convergent sides, shortly subsinuate on anterior third, apex acuminate; subtriangular lamella with partially covered sides.</p> <p> <i>Female genitalia and variabilty.</i> Spermatheca with nodulus broadened and long cornu with slightly curved apex. No significant differences were observed in non-paratype specimens. Female paratypes are normally larger than males.</p> <p>TL SL SW FL FW CL CW PL PW PW EL EW EW PS ES --- ---</p> <p>PL EL</p> <p> ♂ holotype 2.65 0.41 0.09 0.51 0.06 0.22 0.12 0.60 0.57 0.95 1.6 0.82 0.51 0.09 0.08 <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from the surroundings of type locality (Fig. 12).</p> <p> <b>Affinities.</b> This species is taxonomically mainly related to <i>S. hirtula</i> and <i>S. fraterna</i>, differing from <i>S. hirtula</i> by the strongly inclined elytral setae and long funiculus with the last four segments longer than wide, and from <i>S. fraterna</i> by the more slender appearance of pronotum, deeper points of elytra and strongly inclined elytral setae.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> This species was described from three specimens collected in <i>Castanea sativa</i> Miller forest under leaves (Solari & Solari, 1904). Adults occur in late spring or early summer, collected either by sifting leaf litter or under deep stones (Osella, 1976).</p>Published as part of <i>Baviera, Cosimo, 2015, A review of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae, Peritelini), pp. 401-430 in Zootaxa 3920 (3)</i> on pages 405-408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/240750">http://zenodo.org/record/240750</a&gt

Alaocyba ientilei n. sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, Raymondionymidae) dell\u27Isola di Marettimo (Isole Egadi, Sicilia)

Volume: 117Start Page: 11End Page: 1

Solariola hirtula A. Solari & F. Solari 1923, stat. nov.

<i>Solariola hirtula</i> (A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923) stat. nov. <p>Fig. 2: A–F; Fig. 10–11: B; Fig. 12: (2).</p> <p> <i>Solariola gestroi</i> ssp. <i>hirtula</i> A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923: 51; Luigioni, 1929: 871; Porta, 1932: 57; Lona, 1937: 233; Osella, 1976: 194; Abbazzi <i>et al</i>., 1989: 321; Abbazzi & Osella, 1992: 302; Abbazzi et al., 1995: 22; Osella & Di Marco 1996: 355; Colonnelli, 2003: 46; Osella <i>et al</i>., 2005; Abbazzi & Maggini, 2009: 58; Magnano and Alonso Zarazaga, 2013: 347.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Calabria, Reggio Calabria, S. Eufemia d’Aspromonte.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A small <i>Solariola</i> (2.55–2.85 mm) with long and curved elytral setae, moderately raised on the elytral surface (angle with elytral surface 5–20°), slightly curved, elytral punctures very deep almost subquadrate, very short funiculus with last four segments wider than long, abruptly strongly curved triangularly shaped aedeagus apex.</p> <p> <i>Lectotype</i> (here designated). ♂, with the following labels: 1) Calabria, S.ta Eufemia [white, printed], [leg.] Paganetti [white printed]. 2) co Type [white printed] <i>♂</i> subsp. hirtula Solari Boll. Soc. E. it. 1923 [white handwritten]. 3) <i>Solariola gestroi hirtula</i> (A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923) LECTOTYPE Baviera des. [red printed]; 4) <i>Solariola hirtula</i> (A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923) stat. nov. 2013 Baviera det. [white printed] (MSNM).</p> <p> <i>Paralectotypes.</i> 12 specimens: 7♀♀ with the following labels: 1) Calabria, S.ta Eufemia [white, printed], [leg.] Paganetti [white printed]. 2) co Type [white printed] ♀ subsp. hirtula Solari Boll. Soc. E. it. 1923 [white handwritten]; 3) <i>Solariola gestroi hirtula</i> (A. & F. Solari, 1903) PARALECTOTYPE Baviera des. [red printed]; 4) <i>Solariola hirtula</i> (A. & F. Solari, 1923) stat. nov. 2013 Baviera det.; 5 <i>♂♂</i> with the following labels: 1) Calabria, S.ta Eufemia [white, printed], [leg.] Paganetti [white printed]. 2) co Type [white printed] ♀ subsp. hirtula Solari Boll. Soc. E. it. 1923 [white handwritten]. 3) <i>Solariola gestroi hirtula</i> (A. & F. Solari, 1903) PARALECTOTYPE Baviera des. [red printed] 4) <i>Solariola hirtula</i> (A. & F. Solari, 1923) stat. nov. 2013 Baviera det.; (MSNM, GOS);</p> <p> <i>Others Specimens.</i> 120 <i>♂♂</i> ♀♀ with the following data: Calabria, S. Eufemia, Piani Aspromonte, 600 m, 7.VI.1994, Castagno, [leg.] Angelini; same locality, 780 m, 15.X.1993, lecceta, [leg.] Angelini & Sabella; Calabria, S. Eufemia d'Aspromonte, 28.V.1989, [leg.] Bellò; same data [leg.] Pierotti; Calabria, Aspromonte, Piani Aspromonte, 26.IV.2002, [leg.] Angelini; Calabria, S.ta Eufemia, [leg.] Paganetti; Calabria, Aspromonte, Gerace, (RC), 9.XI.1997 leg. Angelini; Calabria, Calabria, Aspromonte, Gerace, (RC) 650 m, 11.X.1993, leg. Angelini; Calabria, S. Eufemia, Fiumara Crasta, 630 m, 3.V.1993, leg. Angelini & Sabella; idem, 600 m, 04.V.1993; Calabria, S. Alessio in Aspromonte, 740 m, 2.V.1993, leg. Angelini & Sabella; Calabria, S. Luca Strada per Santuario Polsi, 13.X.1993, leg. Angelini & Sabella; Cimina, 12.X.1993, leg. Angelini & Sabella; Calabria, Antonimina, 12.X.1993, leg. Angelini & Sabella; (MSNM, GOS, MSNF, DEI, CBA, ECO, CBE).</p> <p> <b>Lectotype description.</b> Body length 2.51 mm, maximum width of elytra 0.75 mm. Rostrum confusedly and slightly wrinkled, 1.08 wider than long, with broad rostral furrow, subparallel raised rostral carinae slightly arched as to be closest at the middle. Underside of rostrum densely covered with whitish-yellowish spatulate setae, also partially visible around eyes. Antennae with scape more than 5 times longer than wide, slightly curved on proximal third, regularly thickened from base to apex which is curved at basal third, funicle less than 7 times longer than wide, segment 1 of funicle clavate and more than twice longer than wide, second shorter but still obviously longer than wide, 3 to 7 subquadrate, all wider than long, seventh the broadest (width/length ratio 1.19) and about as wide as the first; club oval, 0.54 as wide as long, three-segmented and densely covered with short setae. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, strongly convex, widest slightly before the middle, disc strongly and irregularly sculptured by large deep punctures merged with smaller shallower ones bearing a long recumbent seta, interspaces between punctures matte, microreticulate, the centripetal setae inserted in smaller punctures on average less than 3 times longer than the average diameter of the larger points (average length 0.07 mm), strongly inclined. Elytra oblong elongate, oval, narrower at base than maximum width of prothorax, twice longer than their overall width (width/ length ratio 0.50), subparallel sides regularly convergent to apex, scarcely and very regularly curved, maximum width at mid length, narrowing apically. Interstriae raised, clearly demarcated by points of striae, with small points whose number is lower than that of the points of striae, each bearing a fairly long (average length 0.07 mm) laterally flattened seta almost curved and slihgtly raised on elytral surface (angle with elytral surface 5–20°), some of those setae on elytral apex spatulate and recumbent on elytral surface. Aedeagus slighly curved, sclerotisation of sides broadened in basal half, sides parallel from base to mid length, with sides convergent medially and shortly subsinuate at anterior third, with abruptly strongly curved triangularly shaped apex; lamella drop-shaped, with partially covered sides, centrally raised.</p> <p> <i>Female genitalia and variabilty.</i> Spermatheca with nodulus not broadened and long cornu. Other specimens differ from lectotype only slightly for size and for the normal differences found in ♀♀: elytra not distinctly more stubby and with sides very slightly arched, inner margin of tibiae more weakly bisinuate, anterior tibiae not curved inwards at apex.</p> <p>TL SL SW FL FW CL CW PL PW PW EL EW EW PS ES --- ---</p> <p>PL EL</p> <p> <b>♂</b> lectotype 2.53 0.4 0.08 0.36 0.06 0.21 0.11 0.607 0.541 0.90 1.51 0.77 0.51 0.07 0.07 <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from the type locality (Fig. 12).</p> <p> <b>Affinities.</b> Described as a subspecies of <i>S. gestroi</i>, this species is distinguished by different shape of the apex of aedeagus, sharper and not abruptly strongly curved in <i>S. gestroi</i> (Fig. 1 F), the very short funiculus, the much more raised setae on elytral intervals, characters already pointed out by Solari & Solari (1923) in the original description. <i>Solariola hirtula</i> stat. nov. differs from <i>S. fraterna</i> <b>n. sp.</b> by the pronotal shape and very short and compact funiculus.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> Specimens were collected sifting leaves in a mixed forest of <i>Castanea sativa</i> L. and <i>Quercus ilex</i> L.</p>Published as part of <i>Baviera, Cosimo, 2015, A review of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae, Peritelini), pp. 401-430 in Zootaxa 3920 (3)</i> on pages 408-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/240750">http://zenodo.org/record/240750</a&gt

FIGURES 21–21f in A taxonomic monograph of the genus Dodomeira Bellò & Baviera, a new genus of Peritelini from Sicily (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)

FIGURES 21–21f. Dodomeira ficuzzensis (Bellò & Baviera, 2011) holotype ♀ from "Ficuzza, Palermo": 21—habitus dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm); 21a—habitus, lateral view; 21b—pronotum and rostrum, lateral view; 21c— pronotum, dorsal view; 21d—elytral vestiture; 21e—funicle and club; 21f—spermatheca.Published as part of Baviera, Cosimo, 2017, A taxonomic monograph of the genus Dodomeira Bellò & Baviera, a new genus of Peritelini from Sicily (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4334 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4334.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/100986

A review of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae, Peritelini)

Baviera, Cosimo (2015): A review of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae, Peritelini). Zootaxa 3920 (3): 401-430, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3920.3.

Solariola paganettii Flach 1905

<i>Solariola paganettii</i> (Flach, 1905) <p>Fig. 4: A–F; Fig. 10–11: D; Fig. 12: (4).</p> <p> <i>Solariola paganettii.</i> Flach, 1905: 318; A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923: 51; Luigioni, 1929: 871; Porta, 1932: 57; Lona, 1937: 233; Osella, 1976: 195; Abbazzi <i>et al</i>., 1989: 321; Abbazzi & Osella, 1992: 302; Abbazzi <i>et al</i>., 1995: 22; Osella & Di Marco 1996: 353, 355; Colonnelli, 2003: 46; Osella <i>et al.</i>, 2005; Abbazzi & Maggini, 2009: 58; Magnano & Alonso Zarazaga, 2013: 80, 346.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Aspromonte Massif.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A small <i>Solariola</i> of slender appearance (elytra twice longer than their overall width), elytral and pronotal punctuation shallow, femora clubbed and subdentate, anterior tibiae triangularly dilated proximally, narrow rostral furrow, very long scape and club, setae spatulate and recumbent on elytral surface on elytral sides.</p> <p> <i>Neotype.</i> (here designated). Despite careful searches, it has not been possible to find the Flach types, so it becomes necessary to select a neotype in order to unequivocally define this nominal taxon according to article 75 of the Code (ICZN, 1999). The neotype <i>♂</i> is the specimen used by the Solari brothers in their study on this genus (A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923) with the following labels: Calabria Aspromonte [Leg.] Paganetti 1905 [white printed]; “ Paganettii tipo pene Solari Bol. Soc. E. it. 1923” [white handwritten]; NEOTYPE Baviera des. [red printed]; 4) <i>Solariola paganettii</i> (Flach, 1905) 2013 Baviera det. (MSNM).</p> <p> <i>Others Specimens.</i> 5 unsexed specimens with the following labels: Calabria Aspromonte [Leg.] Paganetti 1905 [white printed], <i>Troglorhynchus (Solariella) paganettii</i> Flak, 1905 [white handwritten]; Syntype [red printed] <i>Troglorhynchus (Solariella) paganettii</i> [red handwritten]; Museo di Genova Collezione Dodero Acquisto 2000 [white printed] (MSNG). [As the “ syntype ” label is the same, with the same handwriting used for <i>S. doderoi</i> specimens not described by Flach is reasonable to assume that is not added by this Autor.]; 157 <i>♂♂</i> ♀♀. With following labels: Calabria Aspromonte [Leg.] Paganetti 1905 [white printed]; Calabria Aspromonte, Montalto 1750 m a.s.l., 20.VII.2009, Leg. Baviera C.; Calabria Aspromonte, Gambarie 1300 m a.s.l., 19.VI.1987, Leg. Angelini F.; Calabria Aspromonte, Montalto 1850 m a.s.l., 22.X.1966 Leg. Osella G.; Calabria Aspromonte, Gambarie 19.X.1966 Leg. Osella G.; Aspromonte, (RC) S. Eufemia d’Aspromonte, 3.V.1993, Leg. Angelini F.; Calabria, S. Eufemia, Fiumara Crasta, 630 m, 3.V.1993, leg. Angelini & Sabella; (CBA, CBE, GOS, LDI, MNSG, MNSF, MNSM, DEI).</p> <p> <b>Neotype description.</b> Body yellow-brown. Length 2.77 mm, maximum width of elytra 0.80 mm. Rostrum very slightly longer than wide (width/length ratio 0.9), confusedly and deeply wrinkled, with narrow furrow, subparallel rostral carinae very slightly arched and closest at base. Antennae with scape more than 6 times longer than wide, slightly curved at proximal third, regularly thickened from base to apex, funicle 8 times longer than wide, segment 1 of funicle stlightly clavate, more than twice longer than wide, segment 2 also more than twice longer than wide and shorter than 1, 3 as wide as long, 4 to 6 more or less transverse, 7 slightly wider than long (width/length ratio 1.21); club three-segmented, oval, less than twice longer than wide (width/length ratio 0.57), densely covered with short setae. Prothorax nearly as long as wide (width/length ratio 0.92), strongly convex, widest apicad of middle, disc with large deep punctures merged with smaller shallower ones which bear a long recumbent seta, these pairs of points are more distant from each other on disc than on sides, their interspaces smooth, inclined centripetal setae inserted in smaller punctures are on average less than 3 times longer than the average diameter of the larger points. Elytra twice longer than their overall width (width/length ratio 0.48), oblong elongate, oval, at base narrower than maximum width of prothorax, subparallel sides regularly convergent to apex, scarcely and very regularly curved, maximum width at mid length, narrowing apically. Strial punctures almost square, each bearing a short seta as long as, or slightly less, than average diameter (≤ 0.03 mm) of punctures, the punctures of first two striae more widely separated than others. Interstriae flat, clearly demarcated by points of striae, minutely punctured, points lower in number than those of striae, each bearing a fairly long (averange length 0.07 mm) almost curved laterally flattened and not much raised (angle with elytral surface 5–15°) seta, some of those setae on elytral apex, and also rarely on sides, are spatulate and recumbent on elytral surface. Legs with femora triangularly dilated, subdentate, clubbed beyond middle and narrowing at apex. Aedeagus very long and thin (minimum width/total length ratio 0.16), slightly curved, sclerotisation of sides not broadened on basal half, sides parallel from base to middle, and thereafter parallel widened, with slightly arched apex regularly curved; long lamella triangular, covered on sides, medially strongly raised.</p> <p> <i>Female genitalia and variabilty.</i> Spermatheca with broadened nodulus and very long slim cornu with sharp apex. Males are more slender than females, and with fore tibiae slightly curved inside.</p> <p>TL SL SW FL FW CL CW PL PW PW EL EW EW PS ES --- ---</p> <p>PL EL</p> <p> ♂ neotype 2.73 0.47 0.78 0.51 0.06 0.22 0.13 0.59 0.54 0.91 1.63 0.79 0.48 0.07 0.07 <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from the southern part of Aspromonte Massif (Fig. 12).</p> <p> <b>Affinities.</b> Morphologically similar to other species of the <i>S. gestroi</i> group mainly differing by subdentate or dentate femora and slender appearance (width/length ratio 0.48).</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> Paganetti-Hummler collected the type series under deep layers of moist beech leaves in Aspromonte (Calabria) between June and July 1895 (Flach, 1905). Although Flach (1905) said: “Bei St. Eufemia d'Aspromonte (1600 m hoch) fing derselbe unter denselben Verhältnissen im Kastanienwalde eine Anzahl <i>Gestroi</i> und wenige <i>Paganettii ”</i>, no specimens of <i>S. paganetti</i> actually collected from “Santa Eufemia d'Aspromonte” were found in all collections studied. Many specimens were hand collected under stones by Osella in Aspromonte Massif in October (Osella, 1976).</p>Published as part of <i>Baviera, Cosimo, 2015, A review of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae, Peritelini), pp. 401-430 in Zootaxa 3920 (3)</i> on pages 412-415, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/240750">http://zenodo.org/record/240750</a&gt