Time-dependent Photoionization of Gaseous Nebulae: the Pure Hydrogen Case

We study the problem of time-dependent photoionization of low density gaseous nebulae subjected to sudden changes in the intensity of ionizing radiation. To this end, we write a computer code that solves the full time-dependent energy balance, ionization balance, and radiation transfer equations in a self-consistent fashion for a simplified pure hydrogen case. It is shown that changes in the ionizing radiation yield ionization/thermal fronts that propagate through the cloud, but the propagation times and response times to such fronts vary widely and non-linearly from the illuminated face of the cloud to the ionization front (IF). Ionization/thermal fronts are often supersonic, and in slabs initially in pressure equilibrium such fronts yield large pressure imbalances that are likely to produce important dynamical effects in the cloud. Further, we studied the case of periodic variations in the ionizing flux. It is found that the physical conditions of the plasma have complex behaviors that differ from any steady-state solutions. Moreover, even the time average ionization and temperature is different from any steady-state case. This time average is characterized by over-ionization and a broader IF with respect to the steady-state solution for a mean value of the radiation flux. Around the time average of physical conditions there is large dispersion in instantaneous conditions, particularly across the IF, which increases with the period of radiation flux variations. Moreover, the variations in physical conditions are asynchronous along the slab due to the combination of non-linear propagation times for thermal/ionization fronts and equilibration times.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 36 pages, 12 figure

Evaluation of mechanical properties of composite materials made from recycled fly ash and polymers

In this article evaluates the mechanical properties of composite materials based on fly ash and Coal-fired power plants Termozipa combined with the stretch film (stretch film), linear low density polyethylene post-consumer and partially thermoplastic polymer, crystalline Industrial post. Mixtures were obtained by varying the content of fly ash, 0 to 50 % by weight in each of the three polymeric materials, within a machine type Brabender mixer. The mechanical properties evaluated were: tensile strength, Shore D hardness, and energy absorption, the results obtained indicate that in all cases, as fly ash is added, the mechanical properties increase.En el presente artículo se evalúan las propiedades mecánicas de los materiales compuestos basados en cenizas volantes de carbón de la central termoeléctrica de Termozipa combinadas con los película extensible (Stretch film), polietilenos de baja densidad lineal de pos-consumo y polímero termoplástico parcialmente cristalino pos- industrial. Se obtuvieron mezclas variando el contenido de cenizas volantes de 0 a 50 % en peso en cada uno de los tres materiales poliméricos, dentro de una máquina mezcladora tipo Brabender. Las propiedades mecánicas evaluadas fueron: resistencia a la tracción, dureza Shore D, y absorción de energía. Los resultados obtenidos indican que en todos los casos a medida que se agrega ceniza volante las propiedades mecánicas aumentan

SACMAN automated canal control system

Presented during the Third international conference on irrigation and drainage held March 30 - April 2, 2005 in San Diego, California. The theme of the conference was "Water district management and governance."Includes bibliographical references.Many irrigation districts currently operate their main canals, pumping plants, etc. remotely with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) software. This is usually manual operation with perhaps a few local automatic control features. SacMan (software for automated canal management) is a software package that adds canal automation logic to commercially-available, windows-based SCADA packages. It allows the user to implement a variety of automatic control features, including complete automatic control, where feasible. It was developed through research at the U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory in Phoenix, AZ. SacMan has several levels of implementation ranging from manual control to full automatic control, including upstream level control, flow rate control, routing of known demand changes, and full (distant) downstream level control. SacMan interfaces with commercial Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) software, currently iFix by GE Fanuc (formerly Intellution, Inc.), but potentially applicable to other SCADA packages. SacMan was field tested on the WM lateral canal at the Maricopa Stanfield Irrigation and Drainage District (MSIDD) in central Arizona. In July/August 2004, SacMan successfully operated the WM canal for a period of 30 days, nearly continuously. This paper describes the features of this canal automation software and some results from this long-term testing.Sponsored by USCID; co-sponsored by Association of California Water Agencies and International Network for Participatory Irrigation Management

Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Employees before and after Company Reorganization: A Case of an Electric Cooperative in the Philippines

This study was conducted to determine and compare the work motivation and job satisfaction of the employees before and after the cooperative reorganized sometime in 2015. Using descriptive comparative research design with survey questionnaire as data gathering instrument, the study involved 70 purposively chosen respondents from the said cooperative found out that motivation and job satisfaction levels of the respondents significantly increased after the reorganization. The study recommends that the current management continue striving to keep the level high

Effect of Kramecyne on the Inflammatory Response in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Peritoneal Macrophages

Kramecyne is a new peroxide, it was isolated from Krameria cytisoides, methanol extract, and this plant was mostly found in North and South America. This compound showed potent anti-inflammatory activity; however, the mechanisms by which this compound exerts its anti-inflammatory effect are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effects of kramecyne on inflammatory responses in mouse lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced peritoneal macrophages. Our findings indicate that kramecyne inhibits LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin- (IL-) 6. During the inflammatory process, levels of cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) increased in mouse peritoneal macrophages; however, kramecyne suppressed them significantly. These results provide novel insights into the anti-inflammatory actions and support its potential use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases

Data Talks: Obesity-Related Influences on US Mortality Rates

Background: In the US, obesity is an epidemiologic challenge and the population fails to comprehend this complex public health issue. To evaluate underlying obesity-impact patterns on mortality rates, we data-mined the 1999-2016 Center for Disease Control WONDER database’s vital records.Methods: Adopting SAS programming, we scrutinized the mortality and population counts. Using ICD-10 diagnosis codes connected to overweight and obesity, we obtained the obesity-related crude and age-adjusted causes of death. To understand divergent and prevalence trends we compared and contrasted the tabulated obesity-influenced mortality rates with demographic information, gender, and age-related data.Key Results: From 1999 to 2016, the obesity-related age-adjusted mortality rates increased by 142%. The ICD-10 overweight and obesity-related death-certificate coding showed clear evidence that obesity factored in the male age-adjusted mortality rate increment to 173% and the corresponding female rate to 117%. It also disproportionately affected the nation-wide minority population death rates. Furthermore, excess weight distributions are coded as contributing features in the crude death rates for all decennial age-groups.Conclusions: The 1999-2016 data from ICD-10 death certificate coding for obesity-related conditions indicate that it is affecting all segments of the US population

Propiedades ópticas de peliculas Ldep con diferentes mezclas de aditivos.

In this article, different formulations of linear low density polyethylene (PEBD) mixed with 5 different types of additives were processed, the objective of which is to analyze the effect of the additives on the optical properties of PEBD films for crop protection directed primarily for constructions of greenhouses suitable for performance in tropical environments. The results of the ultra violet and visible region transmission show that the light transmission of the reference films is greater in the visible area than in films made with additive mixtures, due to the diffusive effect of some elements and the synergistic action of the additives decreasing the transmission of light in the ultra violet and visible area.En el presente artículo se procesaron diferentes formulaciones de polietileno lineal de baja densidad (PEBD) mezclado con 5 tipos de aditivos diferentes, cuyo objetivo es analizar el efecto de los aditivos en las propiedades ópticas de películas de PEBD de protección de cultivo dirigida fundamentalmente para construcciones de invernaderos adecuados para el desempeño en medios tropicales. Los resultados de la transmisión de la región ultra violeta y visible muestran que la transmisión de luz de las películas de referencia es mayor en la zona visible que en las películas fabricadas con mezclas de aditivos, debido al efecto difusivo de algunos elementos y a la acción sinérgica de los aditivos disminuyendo la transmisión de luz en la zona ultra violeta y visible

Propiedades ópticas de peliculas Ldep con diferentes mezclas de aditivos.

In this paper were processed dierent linear low density polyethylene (LDPE)formulations, mixed it with ve kind of dierent additives whose objectivewas analyzing the additives eects in the optical properties of LDPE lms ongreenhouse cover structure in protected cultivation for tropical environments.The results of ultra violet and visible region showed that the light transmissionfrom the reference lm was higher than additives lms mixtures in thevisible region, eect of some elements and synergistic action from additivescontributing to decrease the light transmission in the ultra violet and visibleregion.PACS: 78.66.BzEn el presente artículo se procesaron diferentes formulaciones de polietileno lineal de baja densidad (PEBD) mezclado con 5 tipos de aditivos diferentes, cuyo objetivo es analizar el efecto de los aditivos en las propiedades ópticas de películas de PEBD de protección de cultivo dirigida fundamentalmente para construcciones de invernaderos adecuados para el desempeño en medios tropicales. Los resultados de la transmisión de la región ultra violeta y visible muestran que la transmisión de luz de las películas de referencia es mayor en la zona visible que en las películas fabricadas con mezclas de aditivos, debido al efecto difusivo de algunos elementos y a la acción sinérgica de los aditivos disminuyendo la transmisión de luz en la zona ultra violeta y visible.PACS: 78.66.B