Optimization of the Liquid Scintillator Composition

Nowadays, many particle detectors use liquid scintillator (LS) as a detection medium. In particular, Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) that is a new material currently under development. It is based on the idea of dissolving the organic scintillator in water using special surfactants. This material strives to achieve the novel detection techniques by combining the Cherenkov and scintillation light, as well as the total cost reduction compared to pure liquid scintillator. An important part of either the pure LS or WbLS production is to choose the right fluor and shifter and their concentrations. The choice affects the spectral distribution of the light output and the detection efficiency as each photodetector has its own spectral sensitivity region. This work presents the results of the study on the pseudocumen (PC) based LS with the PPO and POPOP/MSB as a fluor and shifters of choice. Both the total light yield and the spectral differences in the outputs with different amounts of components are shown. This study can be applied to plastic scintillators as well. 38t

Optimization of the Liquid Scintillator Composition

Nowadays, many particle detectors use liquid scintillator (LS) as a detection medium. In particular, Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) that is a new material currently under development. It is based on the idea of dissolving the organic scintillator in water using special surfactants. This material strives to achieve the novel detection techniques by combining the Cherenkov and scintillation light, as well as the total cost reduction compared to pure liquid scintillator. An important part of either the pure LS or WbLS production is to choose the right fluor and shifter and their concentrations. The choice affects the spectral distribution of the light output and the detection efficiency as each photodetector has its own spectral sensitivity region. This work presents the results of the study on the pseudocumen (PC) based LS with the PPO and POPOP/MSB as a fluor and shifters of choice. Both the total light yield and the spectral differences in the outputs with different amounts of components are shown. This study can be applied to plastic scintillators as well. 38t

Performance of Water-Based Liquid Scintillator: An Independent Analysis

The water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) is a new material currently under development. It is based on the idea of dissolving the organic scintillator in water using special surfactants. This material strives to achieve the novel detection techniques by combining theCerenkov rings and scintillation light, aswell as the total cost reduction compared to pure liquid scintillator (LS).The independent light yieldmeasurement analysis for the light yield measurements using three different proton beamenergies (210MeV, 475MeV, and 2000MeV) for water, two different WbLS formulations (0.4% and 0.99%), and pure LS conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, is presented. The results show that a goal of ∼100 optical photons/MeV, indicated by the simulation to be an optimal light yield for observing both the Cerenkov ring and the scintillation light from the proton decay in a large water detector, has been achieve

The distributed particle detectors and data acquisition modules for Extensive Air Shower measurements at "HT-KZ" experiment

"HorizonT-Kazakhstan" (HT-KZ) is an extensive air shower new detector system of a new type to be constructed at Nazarbayev University (NU), Astana, KZ. It is based on the idea of a previous generation detector that is located at Tyan-Shan high-altitude Science Station of the Physical Institute of Russian science academy at approximately 3340 meters above the sea level. It will consist of 8 independent modules distributed on the roofs of NU with 1-2ns time resolution. The purpose is to register Extensive Air Showers (EAS) coming from a wide range of zenith angles. The measurements of the time characteristics of the EAS are to be taken simultaneously at up to eight registration points separated by the distance up to one kilometer. HT-KZ development is very important step in the EAS research area, especially, in the presence of the last connected discoveries, such as multi-modal events This article presents the current system development state, the R&D work of the system modules using the independent particle detection modules. The distributed DAQ system and event synchronization system progress will be discussed as wel

Performance of Water-Based Liquid Scintillator: An Independent Analysis

The water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) is a new material currently under development. It is based on the idea of dissolving the organic scintillator in water using special surfactants. This material strives to achieve the novel detection techniques by combining the Cerenkov rings and scintillation light, as well as the total cost reduction compared to pure liquid scintillator (LS). The independent light yield measurement analysis for the light yield measurements using three different proton beam energies (210 MeV, 475 MeV, and 2000 MeV) for water, two different WbLS formulations (0.4% and 0.99%), and pure LS conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, is presented. The results show that a goal of ~100 optical photons/MeV, indicated by the simulation to be an optimal light yield for observing both the Cerenkov ring and the scintillation light from the proton decay in a large water detector, has been achieved

Horizon-T extensive air showers detector system operations and performance

“Horizon-T” is an innovative detector system located at Tien Shan high-altitude Science Station (TSHASS) at approximately 3340 meters above the sea level. It consists of eight detection points separated by the distance up to one kilometer that can measure time characteristics of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and record signal shapes with time resolution of ~10 ns. It was constructed to register EAS in the energy range above 1016 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (0o - 85o). The system includes both the plastic scintillator particle detectors as well as the Vavilov - Cerenkov radiation detectors subsystem to observe the Cerenkov light from the EAS in the atmosphere directly. The time resolution and signal shape analysis capabilities of the detection points are used to study EAS development in the atmosphere. The development of the EAS is a process that can be studied both spatially and temporally. For the spatial part, a distributed network of detection points is required. For the time part, a signal shape must be recorded and analysed at each point with time resolution on the order of ~10 ns. In this paper, the current system description and performance level are described. Additionally, the latest data examples showing the unusual EAS examples above 1017 eV are included

Horizon-T extensive air showers detector system operations and performance

“Horizon-T” is an innovative detector system located at Tien Shan high-altitude Science Station (TSHASS) at approximately 3340 meters above the sea level. It consists of eight detection points separated by the distance up to one kilometer that can measure time characteristics of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and record signal shapes with time resolution of ~10 ns. It was constructed to register EAS in the energy range above 1016 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (0o - 85o). The system includes both the plastic scintillator particle detectors as well as the Vavilov - Cerenkov radiation detectors subsystem to observe the Cerenkov light from the EAS in the atmosphere directly. The time resolution and signal shape analysis capabilities of the detection points are used to study EAS development in the atmosphere. The development of the EAS is a process that can be studied both spatially and temporally. For the spatial part, a distributed network of detection points is required. For the time part, a signal shape must be recorded and analysed at each point with time resolution on the order of ~10 ns. In this paper, the current system description and performance level are described. Additionally, the latest data examples showing the unusual EAS examples above 1017 eV are included

Lifshitz Transition and Band Structure Evolution in Alkali Metal Intercalated 1Tprime-MoTe2

MoTe2 is a paradigmatic van der Waals layered semimetal with two energetically close electronic phases, the topologically trivial 1Tprime and the low-temperature Td type-II Weyl semimetal phase. The ability to manipulate this phase transition, perhaps towards occurring near room temperature, would open new avenues for harnessing the full potential of Weyl semimetals for high-efficiency electronic and spintronic applications. Here, we show that potassium dosing on 1Tprime-MoTe2 induces a Lifshitz transition by a combination of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory. While the electronic structure shifts rigidly for small concentrations of K, MoTe2 undergoes significant band structure renormalization for larger concentrations. Our results demonstrate that the origin of this electronic structure change stems from alkali metal intercalation. We show that these profound changes are caused by effectively decoupling the 2D sheets, bringing K-intercalated 1Tprime-MoTe2 to the quasi-2D limit, but do not cause a topological phase transition

Effect of Additive of Polymetallic Ores’ Tailings on Properties of Composite Cements

The article analyzes the use of polymetallic ores’ tailings as a basis for production of composite cements and concrete, having protective properties against gamma and X-rays radiation, as well as high strength and lifetime. The main practically significant result is: the development of scientific and technological production bases of new high-tech type of multicomponent hydraulic binders for concretes – composite cements; the identification of new hydration products in composite cements with addition of polymetallic ores’ tailings; the development of optimal compositions of composite cements for concretes. It is established that the composite cements, that developed by us on the basis of polymetallic ores’ tailings, meet modern requirements i.e. its improve the construction-technical properties of material, have positive effect to the environment situation and allow to reduce the production cost of the final product. Their technology is low metal-intensive and power-consuming. Studies of physical-chemical processes of composite cements structure formation with addition of polymetallic ores’ tailings have been conducted using methods such as chemical, X-ray phase, differential-thermal and electronmicroscopic analysis methods