Some anisotropic universes in the presence of imperfect fluid coupling with spatial curvature

We consider Bianchi VI spacetime, which also can be reduced to Bianchi types VI0-V-III-I. We initially consider the most general form of the energy-momentum tensor which yields anisotropic stress and heat flow. We then derive an energy-momentum tensor that couples with the spatial curvature in a way so as to cancel out the terms that arise due to the spatial curvature in the evolution equations of the Einstein field equations. We obtain exact solutions for the universes indefinetly expanding with constant mean deceleration parameter. The solutions are beriefly discussed for each Bianchi type. The dynamics of the models and fluid are examined briefly, and the models that can approach to isotropy are determined. We conclude that even if the observed universe is almost isotropic, this does not necessarily imply the isotropy of the fluid (e.g., dark energy) affecting the evolution of the universe within the context of general relativity.Comment: 17 pages, no figures; to appear in International Journal of Theoretical Physics; in this version (which is more concise) an equation added, some references updated and adde

Comparison effect of spin speeds and substrate layers on properties of doubly doped tin oxide thin films prepared by SOL-GEL spin coating method

Tin oxide thin films doubly doped with antimony and fluorine (Sb, F) were deposited by sol-gel spin coating method at different spin speeds and substrate layers on glass substrate. Effect of spin speeds and substrate layers on the characterizations of the films was investigated. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that antimony and fluorine have been successfully doped into the SnO2 thin films and all the prepared films were single crystalline in nature and exhibited orthorhombic structure with preferential orientation {021} family of planes. As the tin oxide thin films have quite often structure of tetragonal polycrystalline, this obtained orthorhombic structure is rarely in terms of literature. Although intensity of preferential orientation changed, its orientation did not change with increasing spin speeds and substrate layers. Also, peak intensity of the films prepared with 6 substrate layers was bigger than 5 substrate layers, but crystallinity in 5 substrate layers was better than 6 substrate layers. Transmittance (90-95%.) values found in this study were to be much better than previously reported values (50-80%). Together with these studies, PLQY value of an inorganic material such as tin oxide which weakly emit was measured. Eventually, the obtained results revealed that properties of the thin films were greatly affected by spin speeds and substrate layers

Comparison Effect of Spin Speeds and Substrate Layers on Properties of Doubly Doped tin Oxide thin Films Prepared by SOL-GEL Spin Coating Method

Tin oxide thin films doubly doped with antimony and fluorine (Sb, F) were deposited by sol-gel spin coating method at different spin speeds and substrate layers on glass substrate. Effect of spin speeds and substrate layers on the characterizations of the films was investigated. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that antimony and fluorine have been successfully doped into the SnO2 thin films and all the prepared films were single crystalline in nature and exhibited orthorhombic structure with preferential orientation {021} family of planes. As the tin oxide thin films have quite often structure of tetragonal polycrystalline, this obtained orthorhombic structure is rarely in terms of literature. Although intensity of preferential orientation changed, its orientation did not change with increasing spin speeds and substrate layers. Also, peak intensity of the films prepared with 6 substrate layers was bigger than 5 substrate layers, but crystallinity in 5 substrate layers was better than 6 substrate layers. Transmittance (90-95%.) values found in this study were to be much better than previously reported values (50-80%). Together with these studies, PLQY value of an inorganic material such as tin oxide which weakly emit was measured. Eventually, the obtained results revealed that properties of the thin films were greatly affected by spin speeds and substrate layers

Clinical legal medicine and toxicology in sexual assaults

It is important for forensic centres to be appropriately accredited and to use cutting-edge technology and scientific knowledge for the benefit of their clients. This is a new phase for technology, science, medicine and justice. Daily clinical forensic practice needs to be more specific and clear in adopting objective criteria, especially considering human rights violations. In today’s technologically and scientifically advanced world, justice needs to be supported much more by qualified, standardized expertise. Clinical forensic examination includes systematic documentation of physical injuries and sampling of biological evidence for legal purposes. Clinical evaluation and reporting should be submitted to the clinician by an authorized clinical legal medicine specialist and/or competent forensic scientist, fully responsible for the results and the advice provided. Forensic experts should be independent-should only use scientific knowledge and nothing else through the standardization/accreditation of their works and quality assurance, as noted by all international regulations. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2017

Effect of Substrate Temperature on Some Properties Doubly Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Using Spray Pyrolysis

WOS: 000374019200008SnO2 thin films doped Sb and F (AFTO) were prepared on glass by spray pyrolysis technique at different substrate temperatures. The prime aim of this work was to investigate effect of substrate temperature on some properties (spectroscopic, electrical etc.). FTO films are polycrystalline and orientations preferentially along (110) and (200) directions and have <50% transmittance but good absorption values in the visible region and band gaps of these films lie between 3.07 eV and 3.73 eV. SEM and AFM studies revealed the surface of AFTO thin films to be made of nanocrystalline particles. From FTIR studies, the main IR features of AFTO thin films at 560 and 647 cm(-1) are ascribed to Sn-O and O-Sn-O stretching vibrations, respectively. No report has been published about PLQY of inorganic materials as far as authors know. So, PLQY value of an inorganic material such as tin oxide was measured for the first time

Detection of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in formalin fixed rat tissues Detection of cocaine Ahmet Hilal et al.

PubMedID: 19778243The stability of drugs in formalin solution is an important factor in forensic investigation. Tissues (liver, lung, kidney, brain) taken from rats, which have been poisoned acutely with cocaine, were preserved in two different conditions, analyzed by GC-MS, and then compared. Organs of the first group were preserved and stored at -20°C without adding formalin, whereas the organs of the second group were preserved and stored in formalin solution at room temperature (25°C). Serum samples were taken immediately after poisoning and studied as well. In specimens stored at -20°C, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine were detected in the tissues. Only benzoylecgonine was detected both in tissues and their formalin solution. It was observed that the distribution of cocaine in tissues had differed depending on the preservation conditions. The formalin solution in which benzoylecgonine was mostly detected was from liver. As a result, cocaine was detected in tissues stored at -20°C. It is recommended that both the formalin-fixed tissues and formalin solution should be analyzed concurrently to assure the accurate results (LOD 3ng/ml). © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.British Association for Psychopharmacology TF 2005 BAP 33This study is financed by Cukurova University Scientific Research Fund with the project number of TF 2005 BAP 33.Cukurova University Research Foundation provided the financial support for this work (grant No: TF 2005 BAP 33)

Surfactant adsorption and Marangoni flow in liquid jets. 2. Modeling

This paper is concerned with the interfacial behavior of surfactant solutions on short time scales. A gravity-driven laminar liquid jet is used to create a rapidly expanding liquid surface, which exposes the surfactant solution to highly nonequilibrium conditions. This expansion causes the surface tension to differ locally from its equilibrium value, generating a (Marangoni) shear stress that acts on the jet surface and retards the surface acceleration. A theory for the flow very near the nozzle shows that the cube-root dependence of the surface velocity on the distance traveled is altered through the adsorption of surfactant. In a boundary-layer treatment, both the surface velocity and the surface concentration increase linearly from the nozzle exit over a short distance, which we term the detachment region. The length of the detachment region is found to vary with the bulk concentration raised to the power 3/2. A numerical model of the surfactant adsorption process in the jet has been developed within the framework of the CFD code FIDAP. The numerical solution confirms the general features of the theory and shows that the maximum reduction in surface velocity occurs very close to the nozzle exit, except at high concentrations. A comparison with experiments on C16TAB at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration, which are described in part 1 of this series of papers, shows good agreement.EPSRC (GR/M73194

Evaluation of paracetamol distribution and stability in case of acute intoxication in rats

PubMedID: 23111878Effects of different storing conditions on paracetamol concentration in biological samples of acute intoxicated rats were investigated. The stability and distribution of paracetamol was observed in postmortem serum, liver, kidney and brain tissues. The serum samples were stored for 30 days and daily changes were evaluated for paracetamol. A significant difference (p = 0.05) was noticed on the 30th experimental day. Paracetamol serum levels changed as much as 66.30% and 33.78% for 4°C and -20°C, respectively. The stability of paracetamol in liver stored at -20°C was also evaluated for 30 days. The paracetamol concentration levels taken from liver samples dramatically decreased from 30.36% on the 1st day to 94.97% on the 30th day. The paracetamol distribution in organs was as 2.68 , 1.11 and 0.68 mg/g in liver, kidney and brain samples, respectively. Meaningful difference in paracetamol in serum and liver samples was in observed in 30th day values (p = 0.05). © The Author(s) 2013