INDEPENDENT AUDITING OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE THE STATE FINANCIAL CONTROL

El control financiero estatal (SFC) es una parte integral de la administración pública. Su objetivo principal es identificar las desviaciones de las normas, las violaciones de los principios de legalidad, eficiencia y ahorro de recursos lo antes posible. Esto permite la adopción oportuna de medidas correctivas y, en algunos casos, la reparación financiera y la rendición de cuentas de los perpetradores, además de prevenir tales violaciones en el futuro. Sin embargo, si el control interno lo llevan a cabo los empleados, directamente subordinados al jefe de la organización controlada, no puede haber objetividad. En este sentido, los autores proponen utilizar la experiencia y las habilidades profesionales de los auditores independientes en la implementación del presupuesto de auditoría.State financial control (SFC) is an integral part of public administration. Its main goal is to identify deviations from standards, violations of the principles of legality, efficiency and resource saving as early as possible. This allows timely adoption of remedial measures, and, in some cases, financial reparation and accountability for perpetrators, as well as preventing such violations in the future. However, if the internal control is carried out by employees, directly subordinate to the head of controlled organization, there can be no question of objectivity. In this regard, the authors propose to use the experience and professional skills of independent auditors in auditing budget implementation.O controle financeiro estatal (SFC) é parte integrante da administração pública. Seu principal objetivo é identificar desvios dos padrões, violações dos princípios de legalidade, eficiência e economia de recursos o mais cedo possível. Isso permite a adoção oportuna de medidas corretivas e, em alguns casos, reparação financeira e prestação de contas aos autores, além de impedir essas violações no futuro. No entanto, se o controle interno for realizado pelos funcionários, diretamente subordinado ao chefe da organização controlada, não haverá questão de objetividade. Nesse sentido, os autores propõem usar a experiência e as habilidades profissionais dos auditores independentes na auditoria da implementação do orçamento

Use of big data technologies in animal husbandry

The growing interest in big data is driven by several identified factors. Nowadays, humanity uses a large number of equipment that generates multi-format signals and the amount of the generated information is growing exponentially, but the biggest part of this data is unstructured information. In this regard, choosing relevant information and achieving correct interpretations of its flow are becoming more relevant and complex issues. The technologies of Big data allow processing huge volumes and diverse compositions of information that can be regularly updated and located in different sources. The use of theses technologies leads to an increased work efficiency and competitiveness, and develops new knowledge. In this paper, the purpose of the study is to investigate and identify the opportunities of business processes’ digitization in agricultural production

WAYS OF IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF THE COMPANIES’ VALUATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL CRISIS

Today Russia’s economy is going through just another financial crisis, which was triggered by the imposition of sanctions. The sanctions were imposed against Russia because of its position on the “Ukrainian issue”. Economic instability has an impact on many areas of activity, including the valuation one. As a rule, during the crisis, the accuracy of estimation reports is greatly reduced. In this regard, the study of possible ways of improving the accuracy of business valuation is relevant. The main purpose of the article is to identify the possible ways of improving the accuracy of companies’ valuation in the conditions of economic instability. Results. The authors identify and describe the practical methods for determining the amendments for discount factor in the income approach. The expediency of applying each of the three classical approaches during the crisis is substantiated. Conclusions. During the period of economic instability it is necessary to improve the classical approaches to business valuation. This can be done through the introduction of various amendments. Obtaining the high-quality initial information by appraisers can contribute to improving the accuracy of valuation reports. The authors work out a number of recommendations to account for the influence of macroeconomic indicators in the valuation during the crisis by introducing amendments to the coefficient of discounting

Organic compounds and bitumen in surface sediments from the Pechora Bay

Detailed geochemical investigations of bottom sediments in the Pechora Bay were carried out under a monitoring regime. The regional geochemical background is characterized. Organic matter of sediments is found to be clastic, formed under the influence of Pechora River run-off, and determined by genetic and lithofacial factors. An application of geochemical methodology is suggested for estimating hydrocarbon contamination of bottom sediments. As an example consequences of the accidental Usinsky oil spill are studied. They are based on analysis of composition of molecular markers. It is shown that increasing technogenic impact on Pechora Bay sediments is fixed only at molecular level and is not disastrous

Trial Watch: Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy

Since the advent of hybridoma technology, dating back to 1975, monoclonal antibodies have become an irreplaceable diagnostic and therapeutic tool for a wide array of human diseases. During the last 15 years, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved by FDA for cancer therapy. These mAbs are designed to (1) activate the immune system against tumor cells, (2) inhibit cancer cell-intrinsic signaling pathways, (3) bring toxins in the close proximity of cancer cells, or (4) interfere with the tumor-stroma interaction. More recently, major efforts have been made for the development of immunostimulatory mAbs that either enhance cancer-directed immune responses or limit tumor- (or therapy-) driven immunosuppression. Some of these antibodies, which are thought to facilitate tumor eradication by initiating or sustaining a tumor-specific immune response, have already entered clinical trials. In this Trial Watch, we will review and discuss the clinical progress of the most important mAbs that are have entered clinical trials after January 2008

Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries

Background: Pancreatic surgery remains associated with high morbidity rates. Although postoperative mortality appears to have improved with specialization, the outcomes reported in the literature reflect the activity of highly specialized centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following pancreatic surgery worldwide.Methods: This was an international, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional snapshot study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic operations worldwide in a 3-month interval in 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality within 90 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore relationships with Human Development Index (HDI) and other parameters.Results: A total of 4223 patients from 67 countries were analysed. A complication of any severity was detected in 68.7 percent of patients (2901 of 4223). Major complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade at least IIIa) were 24, 18, and 27 percent, and mortality rates were 10, 5, and 5 per cent in low-to-middle-, high-, and very high-HDI countries respectively. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 5.4 per cent (229 of 4223) overall, but was significantly higher in the low-to-middle-HDI group (adjusted OR 2.88, 95 per cent c.i. 1.80 to 4.48). The overall failure-to-rescue rate was 21 percent; however, it was 41 per cent in low-to-middle-compared with 19 per cent in very high-HDI countries.Conclusion: Excess mortality in low-to-middle-HDI countries could be attributable to failure to rescue of patients from severe complications. The authors call for a collaborative response from international and regional associations of pancreatic surgeons to address management related to death from postoperative complications to tackle the global disparities in the outcomes of pancreatic surgery (NCT04652271; ISRCTN95140761)