Antibacterial evaluation of three widespread weeds Mazus japonicus, Fumaria indica and Vicia faba from Pakistan

Present study was carried out to explore the antibacterial potential of three weeds Mazus japonicus, Fumaria indica and Vicia sativa grown widely in Pakistan. Different extracts (aqueous, methanolic and petroleum ether) of the respective weeds were prepared and tested against nine bacterial strains using agar well diffusion assay. Bacterial strains included both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterococcus faecium, Enterrococcus faecalis and Enteroccocus sp) and gram negative (Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli top10) bacteria. Ten different concentrations of each extracts were used. Enterococcus faecalis JH22 and Bacillus megaterium MB141 were the most resistant bacteria while Escherichia coli top10 was found highly susceptible and inhibited by all three extracts of Mazus japonicas and Fumaria indica. Vicia sativa was effective only against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas putida at limited crude extract concentration while all other strains showed resistance against different extracts of the respective plant. Amongst the plant extracts screened for antibacterial activity, methanolic extracts showed best antibacterial activity whereas aqueous and petroleum ether were found least active. This study significantly supports the usage of these widespread weeds as traditional medicines for various bacterial infections.Â

Frequency and Causes of Pediatric Ovarian Torsion: A Systematic Review

Objective: The aim of my study was to determine the frequency and causes of pediatric ovarian torsion. Background: The condition in which an ovary twist along the ligament which hold it in place is known as Ovarian Torsion. The blood flow to ovary and fallopian tube could be cut off because of this twisting. ovarian torsion cab be a cause of unbearable pain due to lack of sufficient blood that should be received by ovary. On behalf of this systematic review, I wanted to dictate the frequency and causes of pediatric ovarian torsion. On the basis of past studies, I reviewed ovarian torsion can be happen at any paediatric age (infant to eighteen years). Around fifty-two % of the cases in children happen between nine years to fourteen years of age, with a median of age 11. Method: An electric database search was performed (google scholar, PubMed and science direct) with time limit until January 2020. All studies, fully available in English, assessing the frequency and causes of pediatric ovarian torsion. Study design: Systematic review-based design is used for this study. Results: 16 articles were reviewed, I found that frequency of pediatric ovarian torsion were rare and happened at any pediatric age. Ovarian torsion was caused by benign lesion, malignancy or by normal ovary. Purpose: The aim of my study was to determine the frequency and causes of pediatric ovarian torsion. Keywords: Ovarian torsion, oophorectomy, neoplasm, malignancy. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-15 Publication date:June 30th 202

Relationship of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Objective: The purpose of my study was to determine the relationship of Type 2  diabetes mellitus in women with PCOS. Background: PCOS is a hormonal disorder affecting millions of women around the world. 1 in every 10 women have PCOS but many women go years before receiving the diagnosis. In fact it is estimated that 70% of PCOS cases have a root cause is insulin resistance, A major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. More than half of women with PCOS develop type 2 diabetes. PCOS is linked with higher levels of circulating insulin, which is characteristic in type 2 diabetes. IR is the typical condition of subjects with T2D. Women with PCOS share with people with T2D the same impaired glucose pattern consisting of a prevalent disturbance of fasting blood glucose. Higher levels of IR stress the pancreatic beta cell function, resulting in earlier functional depletion of insulin secretion capacity and higher risk of developing T2D. In this Systematic review I wanted to determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS. According to the studies that I reviewed women with PCOS have a markedly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes then women without PCOS and there is a higher prevalence of PCOS in those women who have Type 2 diabetes mellitus rather than non-diabetic. Method:An electric database search was performed (google scholar, PubMed and science direct)  without time limit until january 2020. All studies, fully available in English, assessing the incidence Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Women with PCOS.  Study design: Systematic review.  Results:I reviewed 22 articles and found that there were high risk of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in PCOS females then other one. Middle aged women with PCOS were having elevated risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, So therefore it propped up the needs of PCOS for routine screening of diabetes. The information or data from articles likewise gave furthur clinical bits of knowledge on the side of focusing on BMI (Body Mass Index), glucose (fasting glucose and after glucose ingestion) and in risk stratification and intervention for glucose homeostasis maintenance. Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Disease, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-13 Publication date:June 30th 202