Measurement of vector boson production cross sections and their ratios using pp collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract available from publisher's website

Deformation bands and the formation of grain boundaries in a superplastic aluminum alloy

Superplastic aluminum alloys are often classified according to the mechanism of microstructural transformation during annealing after deformation processing. In Al-Cu-Zr materials, such as Supral 2004, the presence of fine (10 to 50 nm) second-phase particles retards dislocation rearrangement and the formation and migration of boundaries during either annealing or elevated temperature deformation after thermomechanical processing. This leads to predominance of recovery in the evolution of microstructure, although high-angle boundaries must still form in order to account for the superplastic response of such materials. The mechanisms of high-angle boundary formation in such circumstances have remained unclear. The term “continuous recrystallization” (CRX) has been used as a phenomenological description of recovery-dominated processes that take place uniformly through- out the microstructure and lead to the formation of fine grains with high-angle boundaries. Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) methods have been employed to assess the as-processed microstructure of this alloy and its evolution during annealing at 450 °C, as well as during superplastic deformation at this temperature. Orientation images demonstrate the presence of deformation bands of alternating lattice orientations that corresponds to the symmetric variants of the brass, or B, texture component ((112){110} in rolled material). During annealing, the high-angle grain boundaries (disorientation of 50 to 62.8 deg) develop from transition regions between such bands while the lower-angle boundaries (i.e., up to 20 deg) separate an evolving cell structure within the bands. Further OIM results show that the bands remain distinct features of the microstructure during either annealing alone or during deformation under superplastic conditions

Filling the gap between identified neuroblasts and neurons in crustaceans adds new support for Tetraconata

The complex spatio-temporal patterns of development and anatomy of nervous systems play a key role in our understanding of arthropod evolution. However, the degree of resolution of neural processes is not always detailed enough to claim homology between arthropod groups. One example is neural precursors and their progeny in crustaceans and insects. Pioneer neurons of crustaceans and insects show some similarities that indicate homology. In contrast, the differentiation of insect and crustacean neuroblasts (NBs) shows profound differences and their homology is controversial. For Drosophila and grasshoppers, the complete lineage of several NBs up to formation of pioneer neurons is known. Apart from data on median NBs no comparable results exist for Crustacea. Accordingly, it is not clear where the crustacean pioneer neurons come from and whether there are NBs lateral to the midline homologous to those of insects. To fill this gap, individual NBs in the ventral neuroectoderm of the crustacean Orchestia cavimana were labelled in vivo with a fluorescent dye. A partial neuroblast map was established and for the first time lineages from individual NBs to identified pioneer neurons were established in a crustacean. Our data strongly suggest homology of NBs and their lineages, providing further evidence for a close insect–crustacean relationship