Diisopropyl {[(R)-2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-methyl­eth­oxy]meth­yl}­phospho­nate

In the title compound, C15H25ClN5O4P, the r.m.s. deviation for the purine ring system is 0.0165 Å. The coordination about the P atom is a distorted tetrahedron [O=P—O angles = 116.70 (6) and 109.87 (6)°]. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network

Flow cytometry for age assessment of a yeast population and its application in beer fermentations

An expeditious method of yeast age estimation was developed based on selective bud scar staining (Alexa Fluor 488-labelled wheat-germ agglutinin) and subsequent fluorescence intensity measurement by flow cytometry. The calibration curve resulting from the cytometric determination of average bud scar fluorescence intensities vs. microscopically counted average bud scar numbers of the same cell populations showed a good correlation and allowed routine cell age estimation by flow cytometry. The developed method was applied for yeast age control in traditional batch and continuous beer fermentations. At the pitching rates used in industrial beer fermentations, our results support former findings by locating a gradient of increasing yeast age from the top to the bottom zone of the fermenter cone. The results also indicate that in continuous beer fermentation, the increasing bud scar fluorescence of immobilized cells could help to schedule the replacement of aged biomass, prior to loss of viability or deterioration of process performance and product quality.Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (GAČR 104/06/1418) and MŠMT (MSM 6046137305, Czech Republic)

Příprava N9-(3-fluoro-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) (FPMP) derivátů N6-substituovaných adeninů a 2,6-diaminopurinů

An efficient method of the synthesis N9-(3-fluoro-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) (FPMP) derivatives of purine bases was developed. A series of N6-substituted FPMP dervatives of purine and 2-aminopurine were prepared by using this method

3-Fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl hypoxanthine and guanine derivatives as inhibitors of plasmodial hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferases

A new methodology for the synthesis of ANPs containing 9-[2-(phosphonoethoxy)ethyl] (PEE) moiety has been developed. FPEP compound containing guanine moiety exhibited inhibition activity against the enzyme in micromolar range without any signs of toxicity

Mechanisms of Inhibitory Effects of Polysubstituted Pyrimidines on Prostaglandin E2 Production

The pyrimidine heterocycle represents an elemental structural motif of numerous drugs. [...

Phosphate-Based Self-Immolative Linkers for the Delivery of Amine-Containing Drugs

Amine-containing drugs often show poor pharmacological properties, but these disadvantages can be overcome by using a prodrug approach involving self-immolative linkers. Accordingly, we designed l-lactate linkers as ideal candidates for amine delivery. Furthermore, we designed linkers bearing two different cargos (aniline and phenol) for preferential amine cargo release within 15 min. Since the linkers carrying secondary amine cargo showed high stability at physiological pH, we used our strategy to prepare phosphate-based prodrugs of the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin. Therefore, our study will facilitate the rational design of new and more effective drug delivery systems for amine-containing drugs

Synthesis of terminal ribose analogues of adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose as probes for the transient receptor potential cation channel TRPM2

TRPM2 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2) is a non-selective cation channel involved in the response to oxidative stress and in inflammation. Its role in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases makes it an attractive pharmacological target. Binding of the nucleotide adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) to the cytosolic NUDT9 homology (NUDT9H) domain activates the channel. A detailed understanding of how ADPR interacts with the TRPM2 ligand binding domain is lacking, hampering the rational design of modulators, but the terminal ribose of ADPR is known to be essential for activation. To study its role in more detail we designed synthetic routes to novel analogues of ADPR and 2'-deoxy-ADPR that were modified only by removal of a single hydroxyl group from of the terminal ribose. The ADPR analogues were obtained by coupling nucleoside phosphorimidazolides to deoxysugar phosphates. The corresponding C2″-based analogues proved to be unstable. The C1″- and C3″-ADPR analogues were evaluated electrophysiologically by patch-clamp in TRPM2-expressing HEK293 cells. In addition, a compound with all hydroxyl groups of the terminal ribose blocked as its 1"-α-methylfuranoside-2", 3"-isopropylidene derivative was evaluated. Removal of either C1" or C3" hydroxyl groups from ADPR resulted in loss of agonist activity. Both these modifications, and blocking all three hydroxyl groups resulted in ADPR antagonists. Our results demonstrate the critical role of these hydroxyl groups in channel activation