ANALISI TECNICO-ECONOMICA DELLA TRASFORMAZIONE DEI RESIDUI AGRICOLI IN BIO-OLIO

La tesi si occupa dell’importanza che ricopre e che maggiormente potrebbe ricoprire l’energia da biomassa. Partendo da un’analisi dello scenario energetico e ambientale presente nel mondo attuale, essa illustra quindi i vantaggi che un utilizzo di questa risorsa energetica potrebbe portare; poi analizza le varie tecnologie di conversione presenti sul mercato, con particolare attenzione alla pirolisi, e infine presenta un progetto di una centrale situata nelle campagne toscan

Hardness Evolution of Solution-Annealed LPBFed Inconel 625 Alloy under Prolonged Thermal Exposure

Thanks to its high weldability, Inconel 625 (IN625) can be easily processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). After production, this alloy is typically subjected to specific heat treatments to design specific microstructure features and mechanical performance suitable for various industrial applications, including aeronautical, aerospace, petrochemical, and nuclear fields. When employed in structural applications, IN625 can be used up to around 650 °C. This limitation is mainly caused by the transformation of metastable γ″ phases into stable δ phases occurring under prolonged thermal exposure, which results in drastically reduced ductility and toughness of the alloy. Because the microstructure and mechanical properties change during thermal exposure, it is essential to study the material simulating possible service temperatures. In the current study, LPBFed IN625 samples were solution-annealed and then subjected to thermal exposure at 650 °C for different times up to 2000 h. The characterization focused on the evolution of the main phases, γ″ and δ phases, and their influence on the hardness evolution. The microstructure and hardness of the heat-treated LPBFed IN625 samples were compared with data related to the traditionally processed IN625 alloy (e.g., wrought state) reported in the literature

Characterization of the Proinflammatory Profile of Synovial Fluid-Derived Exosomes of Patients with Osteoarthritis

The purpose of this study is to characterize synovial fluid- (SF-) derived exosomes of patients with gonarthrosis comparing two methods of isolation and to investigate their immune regulatory properties. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been isolated from inflamed SF by polymer precipitation method and quantified by Exocet kit and by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Vesicles expressed all the specific exosomal markers by immunoblot and FACS. After isolation with Exoquick, a relevant contamination by immune complexes was detected, which required further magnetic bead-based purification to remove. SF-derived exosomes significantly stimulated the release of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and metalloproteinases by M1 macrophages but did not influence the expression of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules. In conclusion, we characterized purified exosomes isolated from inflamed SF and demonstrate that purified exosomes are functionally active in their ability to stimulate the release of proinflammatory factors from M1 macrophages. Our data indicate that SF-derived exosomes from gonarthrosis patients play a role in disease progression

On the Control of a Pyrolysis Process

The evaluation of the necessary operating reserve margins in an electric power system has been traditionally carried out by the System Operator (SO) on a deterministic basis, using the so called “first contingency security criterion”. According this approach, only few generating units and/or power lines are considered in order to determine the worst operation conditions. As an alternative, this paper presents a simulation method, based on a probabilistic approach using a sequential Montecarlo technique, which takes into account all the generating units and the transmission power lines of the electric system considered. Starting from the production and consumption profiles scheduled by the energy markets, the real time operation is simulated in normal, contingency and emergency conditions, taking into account the availability of generating units and power lines; the redispatching procedures activated after a contingency are carried out minimizing the expenses for the auxiliary services purchase under line power flow limits constraints. A daily case study, calibrated on an IEEE test grid, is carried out and discussed, focusing how such a technique can be suitably used to evaluate system reliability as a function of reserve margins, load shedding amounts, dispatching rules and emergency procedures

On The Control of a Pyrolysis Process

The evaluation of the necessary operating reserve margins in an electric power system has been traditionally carried out by the System Operator (SO) on a deterministic basis, using the so called “first contingency security criterion”. According this approach, only few generating units and/or power lines are considered in order to determine the worst operation conditions. As an alternative, this paper presents a simulation method, based on a probabilistic approach using a sequential Montecarlo technique, which takes into account all the generating units and the transmission power lines of the electric system considered. Starting from the production and consumption profiles scheduled by the energy markets, the real time operation is simulated in normal, contingency and emergency conditions, taking into account the availability of generating units and power lines; the redispatching procedures activated after a contingency are carried out minimizing the expenses for the auxiliary services purchase under line power flow limits constraints. A daily case study, calibrated on an IEEE test grid, is carried out and discussed, focusing how such a technique can be suitably used to evaluate system reliability as a function of reserve margins, load shedding amounts, dispatching rules and emergency procedures