Factors Predicting Contraceptive Use among Women Seeking Induced Abortion in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Objective: To examine the association between contraceptive usebehaviors and its predicting factors including attitudes toward contraceptiveuse, subjective norms toward contraceptive use, perceived behavioralcontrol over contraceptive use, contraceptive knowledge, and perceivedbarriers to contraceptive use, among women seeking induced abortion inDhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Method: A sample of150 unwanted pregnant women seeking induced abortion from DMCH inMarch, 2014 was recruited by a simple random sampling. A set ofstructured questionnaires was used for data collection. The questionnairewas primarily developed in English. They were validated by five expertsand had high item-level content validity indices ranging from 0.80 to 1.00.After back-translated to Bengali language by the researcher and threebilinguals, the Bengali version was tested for its reliability in 30 womencomparable to intended participants. All five questionnaires had acceptablereliability. Specifically, knowledge had a Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficient of0.78, while the other 4 Likert-type questionnaires had Cronbach’s alphacoefficients between 0.72 and 0.90. Data were analyzed by standardmultiple regression. Results: Of five independent variables, attitudestoward contraceptive use, perceived behavioral control over contraceptiveuse, and perceived barriers to contraceptive use accounted for 18.2% ofvariance in contraceptive use (F3,146 = 10.82, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Bangladeshi health care providers working with women seeking inducedabortion should focus on encouraging women’s attitudes towardscontraceptive use, and decreasing women’s perceived barriers tocontraceptive use.Keywords: contraceptive use, induced abortion, theory of plannedbehavior, Banglades

Sleep duration, sleep quality and the risk of being obese: Evidence from the Australian panel survey

Background: Sleep difficulty is an unmet public health concern affecting a vast proportion of the world's population. Poor sleep duration (short or long sleep length) and quality affect more than half of older people. Sleep difficulty is associated with negative health outcomes such as obesity and reduced longevity. We aimed to assess whether poor sleep duration and quality are significant risk factors for obesity in adults aged 15 and over in Australia by examining a nationally representative panel data. Methods: We used three waves (waves 13, 17, and 21) of the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data. The study applied generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression model to assess the relationship between sleep duration and quality with obesity. Results: The study found that the odds of being obese was significantly higher amongst the study participants with poor sleep duration (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.32) and poor sleep quality (aOR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02–1.38) compared with their counterparts who had good sleep duration and quality, respectively. Conclusion: Having short or long sleep at night and poor sleep quality are associated with an increased risk of obesity. Obesity poses a significant threat to the health of Australian adults. Enacting policies that raise public awareness of the significance of good sleep hygiene and encouraging healthy sleeping habits should be considered to address the alarming rise in the obesity rate

Outcrop analogy with the subsurface geology and hydrocarbon prospectivity of Jaintiapur and adjacent areas in North-East Bangladesh

The availability of hydrocarbons in the eastern part of Bangladesh indicates the presence of active petroleum systems in the Bengal basin. Although extensive research has been conducted in the Surma basin, the correlation between structural configuration, tectonostratigraphic framework, and hydrocarbon potentiality in the basin including Jaintiapur area has not yet been established. In this study, the hydrocarbon prospectivity of Jaintiapur and the adjoining Dupigaon area has been characterized through outcrop analogy with the subsurface interpretation of seismic data along L13-01, PK-SY-5, and L13-03 lines. The main three megasequences have been recognized based on sequence stratigraphy in the Sylhet region utilizing outcrop, seismic, and well-log data. The exposed Tertiary and Quaternary formations of Jaintiapur and adjoining areas can be classified into eleven litho-stratigraphic units. Detailed facies analyses indicate that these rock units were deposited in fluvial, deltaic, and shallow marine environments. The subsurface lithology of the study area has been inferred from the petrophysical data obtained from Sylhet-7, Kailashtila-4, and Jalalabad-1 wells. Jaintiapur area lies in a tectonically complex province and is controlled by the Dauki Fault System. Folding and faulting represent intense tectonic deformation in the area. Detailed analyses of surface and subsurface geology indicate that faults pass along the rivers and transverse faults segment the reservoirs. A total of seven horizons have been interpreted using Petrel software. The seismic attribute analysis identifies leads and prospects based on transverse faults and amplitude anomalies with distinct bright spots at the PK-SY-5 line. From seismic interpretation, attribute analysis, and lithofacies distribution of Sylhet-7 well and its surround area in the Dupigaon, it seems that same gas bearing sand. Gas sands of the Sylhet-7 well indicate the possibility of gas/oil in the equivalent sedimentary sequence in the Dupigaon structure as this area is located close to and more down-dip towards the kitchen area

Estimation of Hs C Reactive Protein in Patients with Premalignant and Malignant Lesions

Introduction: Hs CRP, a typical systemic inflammation marker, were first discovered in the plasma of patients during the acute phase of pneumococcal pneumonia. HsCRP is produced in hepatocytes in response to inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6. Thus, its level in tissue fluids marks the underlying conditions of inflammation and cellular proliferation.Methodology: In this study we were included total 4 groups. For each group we had taken 50 cases. In this study, Group I included healthy control, Group II included Oral leukoplakia, Group III included Oral submucous fibrosis & Group IV were included patients with Oral cancer. This study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry, Career Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow. Results: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an acute-phase plasma protein that increases during systemic inflammation, is one of the most frequently used inflammatory markers. The result of this study revealed that the hs CRP levels were analyzed for each group and the mean and standard deviation were analysed. All values are significant in this study.Conclusion: This study concludes that Hs CRP levels are deranged significantly in pre-malignant as well as malignant condition. The analysis of these biomarkers shows an increasing trend from healthy control to PMDs and malignant condition

Midwife-led pandemic telemedicine services for maternal health and gender-based violence screening in Bangladesh: an implementation research case study

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted maternal and newborn health services in Bangladesh, exacerbating the large gaps in service utilization that existed prior to the pandemic. As part of its response, Bangladesh initiated remote antenatal and postnatal care telemedicine services led by midwives in 36 sub-district hospitals across five of Bangladesh’s 64 districts. Gender-based violence screening and referral were integrated into the service to address a reported rise in violence following the country’s pandemic lockdown. Methods Mixed-methods implementation research was used to develop an intrinsic case study describing the design and implementation of the telemedicine program. Qualitative analysis comprised document review, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative analysis employed an interrupted time series analysis with segmented multi-variate regression to compare maternity care service use trends before and after implementation. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the trend in number of gender-based violence remote screenings, sessions held, and cases identified. Results A statistically significant change in trend for onsite antenatal and postpartum care as well as women seeking care at the hospital as a result of postpartum hemorrhage arising in the community was observed following the introduction of telemedicine. Facility births and cases of eclampsia appropriately identified and managed also had significant increases. In addition, over 6917 women were screened for GBV, 223 received counseling and 34 referrals were made, showing a statistically significant increase in frequency over time following the implementation of the telemedicine program. Challenges included that not all midwives adopted GBV screening, some women were reluctant to discuss GBV, there was an unanticipated need to introduce a patient visit scheduling system in all intervention hospitals, and many women were not reachable by phone due to lack of access or network coverage. Conclusions Maternal health and gender-based violence telemedicine led by midwives was an effective, low-cost intervention in Bangladesh for addressing pandemic and pre-pandemic gaps in service use. Other low and middle-income countries planning to implement remote maternal health interventions via midwives should consider whether a patient visit scheduling system needs to be introduced, as well as limitations around mobile phone access and connectivity. Future research should include care quality oversight and improvement, and a more well-informed strategy for facilitating effective GBV screening

Dynamic trust boundary identification for the secure communications of the entities via 6G

6G is more likely prone to a range of known and unknown cyber-attacks because of its highly distributive nature. Current literature and research prove that a trust boundary can be used as a security door (e.g., gateway/firewall) to validate entities and applications attempting to access 6G networks. Trust boundaries allow these entities to connect or work with entities of other trust boundaries via 6G by dynamically monitoring their interactions, behaviors, and data transmissions. The importance of trust boundaries in security protection mechanisms demands a dynamic multi-trust boundary identification. There exists an automatic trust boundary identification for IoT data. However, it is a binary trust boundary classification and the dataset used in the approach is not suitable for dynamic trust boundary identification. Motivated by these facts, to provide automatic security protection for entities in 6G, in this paper, we propose a mechanism to identify dynamic and multiple trust boundaries based on trust values and geographical location coordinates of 6G communication entities. Our proposed mechanism uses unsupervised clustering and splitting and merging techniques. The experimental results show that entities can dynamically change their boundary location if their trust values and locations change over time. We also analyze the trust boundary identification accuracy in terms of our defined two performance metrics, i.e., trust consistency and the degree of gateway coverage. The proposed scheme allows us to distinguish between entities and control their access to the 6G network based on their trust levels to ensure secure and resilient communication

Organotin(IV) complexes with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde-<i>N</i>(4)-ethylthiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, characterization, and <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity

<p>Four new organotin(IV) complexes with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde-<i>N</i>(4)-ethylthiosemicarbazone [(H₂DNET), (<b>1</b>)] of the type [MeSnCl(DNET] (<b>2</b>), [BuSnCl(DNET)] (<b>3</b>), [PhSnCl(DNET)] (<b>4</b>), and [Ph₂Sn(DNET] (<b>5</b>) have been synthesized by the direct reaction of H₂DNET (<b>1</b>) with organotin(IV) chloride(s) in the presence of potassium hydroxide in absolute methanol. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, UV-Vis, IR, ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectral studies. The molecular structure of ligand (<b>1</b>) has been confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Spectroscopic data clearly suggested that Sn(IV) center is coordinated with the ONS tridentate ligand (H₂DNET) and exhibits a five-coordinate geometry in solution. Antibacterial studies were carried out <i>in vitro</i> against four bacterial strains. All organotin(IV) compounds (<b>2–5</b>) showed good activity against various bacteria but lower activity than the reference drug (Ciprofloxacin). The results demonstrate that organic groups attached to tin(IV) moiety have significant effect on their biological activities. Among them, diphenyltin(IV) derivative <b>5</b> exhibits significantly good activity than the other organotin(IV) derivatives (<b>2–4</b>).</p

Organotin(IV) complexes with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde-<i>N</i>(4)-ethylthiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, characterization, and <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity

<p>Four new organotin(IV) complexes with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde-<i>N</i>(4)-ethylthiosemicarbazone [(H₂DNET), (<b>1</b>)] of the type [MeSnCl(DNET] (<b>2</b>), [BuSnCl(DNET)] (<b>3</b>), [PhSnCl(DNET)] (<b>4</b>), and [Ph₂Sn(DNET] (<b>5</b>) have been synthesized by the direct reaction of H₂DNET (<b>1</b>) with organotin(IV) chloride(s) in the presence of potassium hydroxide in absolute methanol. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, UV-Vis, IR, ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectral studies. The molecular structure of ligand (<b>1</b>) has been confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Spectroscopic data clearly suggested that Sn(IV) center is coordinated with the ONS tridentate ligand (H₂DNET) and exhibits a five-coordinate geometry in solution. Antibacterial studies were carried out <i>in vitro</i> against four bacterial strains. All organotin(IV) compounds (<b>2–5</b>) showed good activity against various bacteria but lower activity than the reference drug (Ciprofloxacin). The results demonstrate that organic groups attached to tin(IV) moiety have significant effect on their biological activities. Among them, diphenyltin(IV) derivative <b>5</b> exhibits significantly good activity than the other organotin(IV) derivatives (<b>2–4</b>).</p