Aortoesophageal Fistula Due to Caustic Ingestion

PurposeCaustic agent ingestion may produce corrosive lesions that can extend beyond adjacent organs. We report three cases of aortoesophageal fistulas (AEF) after caustic ingestion that were diagnosed by autopsy.ResultsAEF is a fatal complication that should be suspected in any patient with caustic ingestion who presents with gastrointestinal bleeding. A high index of suspicion, early recognition by gastrointestinal endoscopy, computed tomography scan, and aortography are important to improve the outcome

Light and electron microscopy of eimeria magna perard, 1925 infecting the house Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus from Saudi Arabia: II. Gamogony and Oocyst wall formation

Gamogony and oocyst wal1 formation of Eimeria magna Perard, 1925 were described by light and electron microscopy for the first time in the smal1 intestinal epithelium of experimental1y infected house rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus from three different regions in Saudi Arabia. Sequence of events started as sexual1y differentiated fourth and fifth generation merozoites transformed into micro- or macrogamonts at 125 h.p.i., where most of the apicomplexan organel1es have been disappeared gradual1y. Microgamonts were recognizable by the presence of peripheral1y arranged nuclei and the presence of one or two centrioles between each nucleus and the limiting membrane of the gamont, while macrogamonts were recognized by the presence of wal1-forming bodies of types I and II. Both microgametogenesis and macrogametogenesis had two phases, the growth and differentiation phases. Up to 150-250 microgametes were produced per microgamont, each had 2 flagel1a. Wal1-forming bodies II and lipid globules were the first cytoplasmic inclusions to appear characterizing the development of macrogamonts. Wal1-forming bodies II, which appeared at first, were osmiophilic and distributed homogenously. Wal1-forming bodies I, which appeared later, were smal1er & distributed peripheral to the walI-forming bodies II. Oocyst wal1 formation occurred by union of the wal1 forming bodies of each type together and resulting in the formation of the bilayered oocyst wall

The comparative effectiveness of demineralized bone matrix, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and bovine-derived anorganic bone matrix on inflammation and bone formation using a paired calvarial defect model in rats

Ahad Khoshzaban1,2,3, Shahram Mehrzad1, Vida Tavakoli2, Saeed Heidari Keshel2, Gholam Reza Behrouzi2, Maryam Bashtar2 1Iranian Tissue Bank Research and Preparation Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, 2Stem Cells Preparation Unit, Eye Research Center, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, 3Dental Bio Material Department, Tehran University of Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran Background: In this study, the effectiveness of Iranian Tissue Bank–produced demineralized bone matrix (ITB-DBM), beta-tricalcium phosphate (ßTCP), and Bio-Oss® (Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) were evaluated and compared with double controls. The main goal was to measure the amount of new bone formation in the center of defects created in rat calvaria. Another goal was to compare the controls and evaluate the effects of each treatment material on their adjacent untreated (control) defects. Methods: In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were selected and divided into four groups, In each group, there were ten rats with two defects in their calvarias; one of them is considered as control and the other one was treated with ITB-DBM (group 1), BIO-OSS (group2), and ßTCP (group 3), respectively. But in group 4, both defects were considered as control. The amount of inflammation and new bone formation were evaluated at 4 and 10 weeks. In the first group, one defect was filled with ITB-DBM; in the second group, one defect was filled with Bio-Oss; in the third group, one defect was filled with ßTCP; and in the fourth group, both defects were left unfilled. Zeiss microscope (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) and Image Tool® (version 3.0; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX) software were used for evaluation. SPSS Statistics (IBM Corp, Somers, NY) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Maximum bone formation at 4 and 10 weeks were observed in the ITB-DBM group (46.960% ± 4.366%, 94.970% ± 0.323%), which had significant difference compared with the other groups (P < 0.001). Ranking second was the Bio-Oss group and third, the ßTCP group. Bone formation in the group with two unfilled defects was much more significant than in the other controls beside the Bio-Oss and ßTCP after 10 weeks (29.1 ± 2.065, 29.05 ± 1.649), while this group had the least bone formation compared with the other controls at week 4 (2.100% ± 0.758%, 1.630% ± 0.668%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, the ITB-DBM group showed the best results, although the results for other experimental groups were unfavorable. The authors conclude that human DBM (ITB-DBM) should be offered as an alternative for bone regeneration in animals, such as horses, as well as in humans, especially for jaw reconstruction. In relation to bone regeneration in control defects, the effect of experimental material on controls was apparent during the initial weeks. Keywords: ßTCP, Bio-Oss, bone regeneration, DB

Zschokkella helmii n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea), a new parasite of marbled spinefoot Siganus rivulatus (Forsskal 1775), Red Sea, Egypt: Light and transmission electron microscopy

Zschokkella helmii n. sp., a new parasite of Siganus rivulatus from the Red Sea, Egypt, was described using light and transmission electron microscopy. However, the infection was severe; single histozoic plasmodium was encountered in the gallbladder wall. Spores are ellipsoid with 9-11 valvar striations. Spore mean length is 10.8 μm (10.0-11.0), while the spore mean width is 7.5 μm (7.0-8.0). Polar capsules are nearly round with a diameter of 2.2 μm (2.0-3.0) and have five filaments. Ultrastructure of the plasmodial wall and sporogenesis of the present species followed the usual pattern valid for most studied myxosporean species. © 2007 Springer-Verlag