Chemical Composition and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of <i>Artemisia judaica</i> L. Essential Oil from Saudi Arabia

Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses were conducted on essential oil extracted from Saudi Arabian Artemisia judaica L. (A. judaica) aerial parts, resulting in the identification of 58 constituents, representing 93.0% of the total oil composition. The oil primarily consisted of monoterpenes (38.6%), sesquiterpenes (14.1%), and other compounds such as ethyl esters and cyclic ketones (40.3%). The main components identified were piperitone (16.5%), ethyl cinnamate (12.9%), and camphor (9.7%). Multivariate statistical analyses (MVAs), including principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) analysis, were employed to compare the chemical makeup of this oil with 20 other A. judaica oils from various regions. The study revealed distinct clusters, highlighting unique chemotypes and geographic variations. Particularly, the oil from the current study demonstrated a specialized chemical profile with significant concentrations of specific compounds, contributing significantly to its distinctiveness. Further cytotoxicity testing on RAW264.7 macrophages suggested that concentrations below 20 μg/mL of A. judaica oil are suitable for future pharmacological investigations. This study provides valuable insights into the chemical diversity, geographic variations, and potential biomedical applications of these essential oils

Volatiles of Capparis cartilaginea Decne. from Saudi Arabia

In this study, GC and GC&ndash;MS analysis of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Saudi Arabian Capparis cartilaginea Decne. (CC) allowed for the identification of 41 constituents, comprising 99.99% of the total oil composition. The major compounds identified were isopropyl isothiocyanate (31.0%), 2-methylbutanenitrile (21.4%), 2-butyl isothiocyanate (18.1%), isobutyronitrile (15.4%), and 3-methylbutanenitrile (8.2%). The chemical composition of the derived oil and 12 additional oils obtained from selected Capparis taxa were compared using multivariate analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC). The results of the statistical analyses of this particular data set pointed out that isopropyl isothiocyanate could be potentially used as a valuable infrageneric chemotaxonomical marker for CC. Moreover, the results distinctly separate CC from other members of its genus on the basis of its components. In addition, environmental and geographical stressors may be implicated in the essential oil profile of plants found within the genus Capparis

A Review of the Phytochemical Properties and Pharmacological Uses of the Genus Pistacia L. (Anacardiaceae)

O gênero Pistacia pertence à família Anacardiaceae e é composto por cerca de vinte espécies, sendo as mais comuns P. atlantica, P. chinensis, P. integerrima, P. khinjuk, P. lentiscus, P. terebinthus, P. vera e P. weinmanifolia. Várias partes dessas diferentes espécies são ricas em importantes compostos fitoquímicos, incluindo constituintes de óleo essencial, monoterpenoides, sesquiterpenoides, diterpenoides, triterpenoides, tetraterpenoides, flavonoides, compostos fenólicos, taninos, ácidos graxos, esteroides e outros compostos. A literatura publicada revelou muitos usos farmacológicos para várias espécies. As partes das plantas mais estudadas quanto à composição química foram as folhas, com 36%, seguidas dos frutos, com 19 %. Esses usos incluem efeitos antioxidantes, hepatoproteção, efeitos anti-inflamatórios, efeitos antimicrobianos, propriedades cicatrizantes/analgésicas, propriedades anticancerígenas, digestivo e tratamento de várias condições crônicas. Após a investigação completa sobre este gênero, as propriedades fitoquímicas e usos farmacológicos de nove espécies de Pistacia foram descritas nesta abrangente revisão da literatura