Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage: applying principles to difficult cases

Progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) requires making difficult trade-offs. In this journal, Dr. Margaret Chan, the WHO Director-General, has endorsed the principles for making such decisions put forward by the WHO Consultative Group on Equity and UHC. These principles include maximizing population health, priority for the worse off, and shielding people from health-related financial risks. But how should one apply these principles in particular cases and how should one adjudicate between them when their demands conflict? This paper by some members of the Consultative Group and a diverse group of health policy professionals addresses these questions. It considers three stylized versions of actual policy dilemmas. Each of these cases pertains to one of the three principal dimensions of progress towards UHC: which services to cover first, which populations to prioritize for coverage, and how to move from out-of-pocket expenditures to pre-payment with pooling of funds. Our cases are simplified to highlight common trade-offs. While we make specific recommendations, our primary aim is to demonstrate both the form and substance of the reasoning involved in striking a fair balance between competing interests on the road to UHC

Three Case Studies in Making Fair Choices on the Path to Universal Health Coverage

The goal of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) can generally be realized only in stages. Moreover, resource, capacity and political constraints mean governments often face difficult trade-offs on the path to UHC. In a 2014 report, Making fair choices on the path to UHC, the WHO Consultative Group on Equity and Universal Health Coverage articulated principles for making such trade-offs in an equitable manner. We present three case studies which illustrate how these principles can guide practical decision-making. These case studies show how progressive realization of the right to health can be effectively guided by priority-setting principles, including generating the greatest total health gain, priority for the worse off, and financial risk protection. They also demonstrate the value of a fair and accountable process of priority setting

The effect of performance-based financing on maternal healthcare use in Burundi: a two-wave pooled cross-sectional analysis

Background: Several developing countries, especially in Africa, have implemented performance-based financing (PBF) schemes with the aim of improving healthcare provision. PBF was first implemented in Burundi in 2006 as a pilot programme in three provinces and was rolled out nationwide in 2010. Objective: To enrich existing studies on Burundi in three ways. Firstly, by evaluating the effect of PBF on maternal care at primary and hospital levels; secondly, on the possession of maternity logbooks for maternal care records; and thirdly, how the amount of subsidies influences healthcare outputs. Design: We used data from repeated cross-sectional surveys in 500 households (intervention group: 225; control group: 275) conducted in 2006 and 2008. A total of 274 women, aged 1549, who had recently given birth, were interviewed about the use of maternal healthcare and the possession of maternity logbooks. We performed a difference-in-differences analysis using pooled cross-sectional survey data from 2006 and 2008. Results: We found that PBF is associated with an increased institutional deliveries probability of 39.5 percentage points (p < 0.01) - a relative improvement of 81.8%. Institutional deliveries probability increased significantly only at health centre level by 33.6 percentage points (p < 0.01), a relative rise of 80.6%. There is an indication of a positive spillover effect of PBF on the possession of maternity logbooks. We found no PBF effect on the number of antenatal care visits and anti-tetanus immunization. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that institutional delivery highly improved because it came from a low baseline and its unit payment was relatively high, leading health workers to promote its use. The fact that deliveries mainly increased in health centres and not in hospitals may be explained by the context of how health delivery is organized in Burundi. Health policymakers have to determine the appropriate financial incentives that best influence the improvement of each health service

Référentiel de compétences intégré du licencié en sciences de la santé, option soins infirmiers: Projet CARES :Cadre africain d’élaboration de référentiels de compétences pour le secteur de la santé (CARES)

Programme Edulink. Institut national de santé publique, Bujumburainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe