DEWATERING AS A PRIMARY TREATMENT OF FAECAL SLUDGE IN INDIVIDUAL RESIDENTIAL SECTOR (A TECHNOLOGIES REVIEW)

Dewatering of faecal sludge (FS) is the most efficient method of pretreatment of bioorganic human waste for minimizing the faecal sludge volume. This process may be considered as one of management tool in service chain of Faecal Sludge Management (FSM). For this purpose technological features of methods, the advantages, disadvantages and possibilities of the use have been analysed. The article provides a review of the most efficiently methods of faecal sludge dewatering generated in the individual residential sector (unplanted drying beds, planted drying beds, solar drying, mechanical dewatering, geotubes) and their analysis in order to select the best available technology in accordance with the selection criteria. We used the analytic hierarchy process to determine the most multi-operated and effective processing method of faecal sludge dewatering. The final ranking for each dewatering technology was based on the global weights of 10 criteria (dewatering efficiency, operation time, process automation, required space, climate dependent, capital expenditures, operating costs, energy efficiency and environmental impact). The results identify dewatering method with the highest priority result based on priority eigenvalues of criteria. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020

Integrative principles and criteria for implementation of faecal sludge management in Russian Federation

Faecal sludge management (FSM) is an organized program that allows regularly to collect, transport, process and utilize faecal sludge as biological waste. A faecal sludge management in settlements in Russian Federation is so bad organized or only partially exist. There are significant gaps as well as general understanding of institutional roles and responsibilities at national, state and city levels. Planning should be done in a temporal and spatial context. С ities, while maintaining short-term stability, will be guided by the goals of a long-term vision of creation. Planning system of faecal sludge management in Russian Federation that involves these blocks: regulatory framework, selection of best available techniques (BAT), financing and planning mechanisms, is analyzed. Integrated approach to the creation and regulation of a faecal waste management are shown. For implementation such approach, a system of evaluation criteria is required in order to determine the end product and, accordingly, determine development direction of this industry in the geographical area where this system will operate. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021

The efficiency improvement of faecal sludge management with rate increase of biodegradation in septic tanks and pit latrines

The article discusses the environmental and economic aspects of faecal sludge management in an individual residential sector, proposes approaches to solving the problem, discusses findings in improving the effectiveness of the biodegradation rate of faecal sludge and domestic wastewater in a septic tank, and evaluates the using adequacy of biological additives for accelerating faecal sludge biodegradation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd