System Comparisons between Organic, Biodynamic, Conventional and GMO’s in cotton production & Organic, Biodynamic, Conventional systems in Soya and Wheat in Central India

Over the past 05 years the organic cotton production in India has grown many folds. In the conventional cotton arena the genetically modified cotton is growing at an unprecedented rate. Considering the above factors it was considered necessary to carry out a `System’ comparisons in which the four systems can be compared. Further the research hopes to answer the larger questions o Put the discussion regarding the benefits and drawbacks of organic agriculture on a rational footing; o Help to identify challenges for organic agriculture that can then be addressed systematically; o Provide physical reference points for stakeholders in agricultural research and development and thus support decision-making and agricultural policy dialogue at different levels. At the farmers level the following outcomes are expected: What happens to yields of the crops when you stop using fertilizers and pesticides ? What happens to the pests when you don’t usefertilizers and pesticides? How do the crops grow when only farmyard manure or compost is used? Can we effectively control pests in the organic and biodynamic systems using a range of botnaical sprays ? Are the biodynamic preparations effective? What are the costs of cultivation of the different systems that we are comparing? What are impacts on the qulaity of the produce in the different systems ? What are impacts on t soils of the different systems

Design of A Low Power Low Voltage CMOS Opamp

In this paper a CMOS operational amplifier is presented which operates at 2V power supply and 1microA input bias current at 0.8 micron technology using non conventional mode of operation of MOS transistors and whose input is depended on bias current. The unique behaviour of the MOS transistors in subthreshold region not only allows a designer to work at low input bias current but also at low voltage. While operating the device at weak inversion results low power dissipation but dynamic range is degraded. Optimum balance between power dissipation and dynamic range results when the MOS transistors are operated at moderate inversion. Power is again minimised by the application of input dependant bias current using feedback loops in the input transistors of the differential pair with two current substractors. In comparison with the reported low power low voltage opamps at 0.8 micron technology, this opamp has very low standby power consumption with a high driving capability and operates at low voltage. The opamp is fairly small (0.0084 mm 2) and slew rate is more than other low power low voltage opamps reported at 0.8 um technology [1,2]. Vittoz at al [3] reported that slew rate can be improved by adaptive biasing technique and power dissipation can be reduced by operating the device in weak inversion. Though lower power dissipation is achieved the area required by the circuit is very large and speed is too small. So, operating the device in moderate inversion is a good solution. Also operating the device in subthreshold region not only allows lower power dissipation but also a lower voltage operation is achieved.Comment: 8 Pages, VLSICS Journa

Women and Landed Property in Urban India: Negotiating Closed Doors and Windows of Opportunity

This paper examines land tenure in informal urban settlements in India from a gender perspective through field research conducted in Ahmedabad in collaboration with the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA). The author describes the formal and informalwomen, landed property, cities, India, South Asia

Pinwheel Scheduling for Fault-tolerant Broadcast Disks in Real-time Database Systems

The design of programs for broadcast disks which incorporate real-time and fault-tolerance requirements is considered. A generalized model for real-time fault-tolerant broadcast disks is defined. It is shown that designing programs for broadcast disks specified in this model is closely related to the scheduling of pinwheel task systems. Some new results in pinwheel scheduling theory are derived, which facilitate the efficient generation of real-time fault-tolerant broadcast disk programs.National Science Foundation (CCR-9308344, CCR-9596282

Integrating fish into seasonally flooded rice fields: on-farm trials in Assam, India

In the State of Assam, floodplains cover 2.6 million ha of area that is traditionally rice growing. The ecosystem in the rice-growing areas has undergone major changes as a result of various developmental activities and adoption of modern farming technology. Rice fields were once the major source of fish for the rural farmers. There has been a sharp decline in fish population in rice field leading to a chronic shortage of fish in the State and a deterioration of the rice ecosystem. This paper describes two on-farm experiments for integrating rice cultivation and fish production with the intent of contributing to the understanding of how raising fish can improve rice yields, riceecosystems and farm incomes

A Lazy Bailout Approach for Dual-Criticality Systems on Uniprocessor Platforms

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.A challenge in the design of cyber-physical systems is to integrate the scheduling of tasks of different criticality, while still providing service guarantees for the higher critical tasks in case of resource-shortages caused by faults. While standard real-time scheduling is agnostic to the criticality of tasks, the scheduling of tasks with different criticalities is called mixed-criticality scheduling. In this paper we present the Lazy Bailout Protocol (LBP), a mixed-criticality scheduling method where low-criticality jobs overrunning their time budget cannot threaten the timeliness of high-criticality jobs while at the same time the method tries to complete as many low-criticality jobs as possible. The key principle of LBP is instead of immediately abandoning low-criticality jobs when a high-criticality job overruns its optimistic WCET estimate, to put them in a low-priority queue for later execution. To compare mixed-criticality scheduling methods we introduce a formal quality criterion for mixed-criticality scheduling, which, above all else, compares schedulability of high-criticality jobs and only afterwards the schedulability of low-criticality jobs. Based on this criterion we prove that LBP behaves better than the original {\em Bailout Protocol} (BP). We show that LBP can be further improved by slack time exploitation and by gain time collection at runtime, resulting in LBPSG. We also show that these improvements of LBP perform better than the analogous improvements based on BP.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Pfair scheduling of generalized pinwheel task systems

[[abstract]]The scheduling of generalized pinwheel task systems is considered. It is shown that pinwheel scheduling is closely related to the fair scheduling of periodic task systems. This relationship is exploited to obtain new scheduling algorithms for generalized pinwheel task systems. When compared to traditional pinwheel scheduling algorithms, these new algorithms are both more efficient from a run-time complexity point of view, and have a higher density threshold, on a very large subclass of generalized pinwheel task systems.

Representing the Female Body and the Concept of Feminine Beauty in the Context of Assamese Proverbs

Female body has always been considered to be the symbol of grace, modesty, simplicity and submissiveness. This stereotype is strengthened in oral literature. Proverbs constitute one of the most important components of oral literature. Beauty is universally considered the main criterion of women. However, every society has its own notion of beauty regarding women. There are certain stereotypical expectations of female body in every society. But the standards of beauty differ from people to people, society to society. If a woman does not fulfill these norms of the society that she belongs to, she is not regarded as a perfect woman. Women, who are outside the prevailing norms of beauty, are considered to be abnormal, witch, evil-like, disobedient, cruel etc. Therefore, notions regarding female body are socially con-structed. Such, and many other related norms of feminine beauty and the female body are found in women related Assamese proverbs. The present paper tries to analyze the construction of ideas regarding womanhood with special reference to female body and feminine beauty through Assamese proverbs. It is an ethnographic study of the Nagaon district of middle Assam in India

New Congruences Modulo 2, 4, and 8 for the Number of Tagged Parts Over the Partitions with Designated Summands

Recently, Lin introduced two new partition functions PD$_t(n)$ and PDO$_t(n)$, which count the total number of tagged parts over all partitions of $n$ with designated summands and the total number of tagged parts over all partitions of $n$ with designated summands in which all parts are odd. Lin also proved some congruences modulo 3 and 9 for PD$_t(n)$ and PDO$_t(n)$, and conjectured some congruences modulo 8. Very recently, Adansie, Chern, and Xia found two new infinite families of congruences modulo 9 for PD$_t(n)$. In this paper, we prove the congruences modulo 8 conjectured by Lin and also find many new congruences and infinite families of congruences modulo some small powers of 2.Comment: 19 page