29 research outputs found
Patients' experiences and perceived causes of persisting discomfort following day surgery
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to describe patients' experiences and perceived causes of persisting discomfort following day surgery. Earlier research has mainly covered symptoms and signs during a recovery period of up to one month, and not dealt with patients' perceptions of what causes persisting, longer-term discomfort.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study is a part from a study carried out during the period May 2006 to May 2007 with a total of 298 day surgery patients. Answers were completed by 118 patients at 48 hours, 110 at seven days and 46 at three months to one open-ended question related to discomfort after day surgery constructed as follows: <it>If you are still experiencing discomfort related to the surgery, what is the reason, in your opinion</it>? Data was processed, quantitatively and qualitatively. Descriptive, inferential, correlation and content analyses were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results suggest that patients suffer from remaining discomfort e.g. pain and wound problem, with effects on daily life following day surgery up to three months. Among patients' perceptions of <it>factors leading to discomfort </it>may be <it>wrongful or suboptimal treatment</it>, <it>type of surgery </it>or <it>insufficient access to provider/information.</it></p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results have important implications for preventing and managing discomfort at home following day surgery, and for nursing interventions to help patients handle the recovery period better.</p
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy : PatientÂŽs experiences and self-reported symptoms the first week after surgery
Very little research has been conducted to identify patients own
perspectives of having gallstone disease and their own experiences of
symptoms the first postoperative week following laparoscopic
cholecystectomy, LC. Although some randomized controlled studies
comparing outpatient and inpatient LC have been performed previously,
these studies have not in detail focused on LC patients recovery during
the first week including symptom occurrence and distress following this
procedure.
The aim of study I was to explore patients experiences related to the
gallstone disease and to their experiences of postoperative symptoms
during the first week following outpatient LC. Twelve patients planned
for LC in day surgery were interviewed one week after surgery and the
data were analyzed with qualitative analysis (I). The findings showed
that respondents with gallstone disease prior to surgery not only
experienced limitations in their daily life but also had feelings of
being socially handicapped. Prior to surgery the patients felt anxious
and expressed a wish for tranquilizers, as well as asking to meet the
responsible surgeon. At discharge after day surgery, amnesia was
experienced and the respondents did not remember important information
about the operation given by the surgeon. Further, the experience of
postoperative pain varied greatly and several respondents had a relapse
of pain on the third day lasting up to one week. The respondents
expressed a need for additional pain medication. Feelings of abdominal
bloating were reported as well as nausea and vomiting and questions about
wound care were raised. The need for additional telephone follow-up was
expressed and it was felt difficult to come home to small children.
However, returning home on the day of surgery was a positive experience.
In study II, the main aim was to compare certain aspects of the two
treatment modalities outpatient and inpatient LC. The aspects being
studied were: the patients perceptions of pain and other postoperative
symptoms, and the amount of distress these symptoms caused. A secondary
aim was to compare the patients pre and postoperative levels of anxiety
and general health during the first postoperative week after surgery
(II). Out of 100 patients who were randomized to either LC in outpatient
or inpatient surgery, 73 were valid for efficacy and responded to
questionnaires regarding pain and other postoperative symptoms, anxiety
and perceived health.
The main result from study II showed no significant differences between
the outpatient (n=34) and the inpatient (n=39) groups regarding the
occurrence of post-operative symptoms except from a slightly higher
frequency of reduced mobility (outpatients day 1) and sleeping
disturbances (inpatients day 7). Approximately 90% of the patients in
both groups perceived pain, reduced mobility and tiredness on
postoperative day 1. Nausea and loss of appetite were reported by half of
the patients. As regards symptom distress, no differences were found
between the groups. Approximately 40% of the patients reported much/very
much distress related to pain and reduced mobility postoperative day 1
and distress related to nausea was reported by 20% of the patients in
both groups. Although both groups reported fewer symptoms on day 7, one
third still experienced pain. The perceived degree of anxiety among our
patients decreased significantly in both groups during the first
postoperative week and the perceived levels of general state of health
was in both groups back to preoperative status after one week. In
conclusion, patients undergoing LC surgery expressed a number of problem
areas and reported a high frequency of postoperative symptoms. Therefore,
it is important to make assessments of the patients own perceptions in
order to optimize postoperative care. Patients undergoing LC in
outpatient surgery recovered equally well as patients undergoing LC as
inpatients, thus a greater proportion of LC patients should be offered
the outpatient modality
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy : Patients experiences of self-reported symptoms, perception of health and sense of coherence in a short and long term perspective
The aim of Study I was to explore patients experiences related to
gallstone disease and to their experiences of postoperative symptoms
during the first week following outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy
(LC). Twelve patients treated in day surgery were interviewed one week
after surgery and a qualitative analysis was performed. A number of
symptoms were expressed, e.g. preoperative anxiety, postoperative
amnesia, experience of pain, need for additional pain medication,
feelings of nausea and difficulties having small children at home. In a
randomized study (II), the aim was to compare the two treatment
modalities, outpatient and inpatient LC, the first postoperative week.
Seventy three patients answered questionnaires concerning perceptions of
pain and other postoperative symptoms, the amount of distress these
symptoms caused and the levels of anxiety and general health during the
first postoperative week after LC surgery. The result showed no
significant differences between the outpatient (n=34) and the inpatient
(n=39) groups regarding the occurrence of postoperative symptoms except
from a slightly higher frequency of reduced mobility (outpatients day 1)
and sleeping disturbances (inpatients day 7). In Study III the progress
of recovery up to 6 months following LC was investigated, as well as sex
differences. The above-mentioned questionnaires were repeatedly answered
by the 73 patients up to six months following surgery. Patients
perception of health improved over time, especially depending on
increased physical well-being between day 7 and 1 month. Symptom
occurrence and symptom distress decreased rapidly during the first
postoperative week. However, 30% of the patients reported at least one
distressful symptom at 6 months. In Study IV, the aim was to investigate
predictors of average pain the first postoperative week (VAS-mean) and
changes in Health Index (HI) following LC with special reference to Sense
of Coherence (SOC). Except for the questionnaires above, the 73 patients
also completed the SOC scale preoperatively and at 6 months. By multiple
regressions, 29% of the variability in VAS-mean could be explained by the
variables age, HI and education. Further, 19% of the variability in HI
improvement between day 7 and 1 month could be explained by symptom
distress day 1 and the SOC (preoperative value). SOC was found to be a
weak but significant predictor of health improvement and pain after LC.
Patients scoring low SOC regained health later than patients scoring high
SOC
Guiding reading comprehension : A qualitative study of teacher perspectives on literature in middle school
The objective of this study has been to investigate the beliefs of Swedish middle school teachers in supporting the development of studentsâ reading comprehension of literature. The study is based on two central research questions that include what motivates teachers in choosing literature for reading comprehension instruction as well as considerations of reading strategy instruction aimed towards developing the reading comprehension of Swedish middle school students in grades 4 â 6. The theoretical basis of the study is grounded in teacher cognition regarding teachersâ beliefs in addition to reader-response theory as it relates to methods of literature reading comprehension instruction. The study method consists of directed qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews with six teachers alongside document analysis of teaching materials used by the informants. Teachers were selected to emulate a representative sample of the teacher population with a variation in professional experience. The results show a consensus among teachers in the literature selection criteria that involve appropriate language complexity in addition to opportunities for students to appeal to and identify with familiar thematic content. Furthermore, personal experiences and interests influence teachers in the literature selection process. Moreover, the results indicate that the teachers make use of a content-focused approach and that reading strategies are applied to a varying extent in reference to influential instructional models, professional experience as well as school structures. The teachers convey insecurities in providing adequate equal support for students, which demonstrates a need for improved structural professional development. Suggestions for future research in reading strategies instruction development are also discussed.Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka uppfattningar hos lĂ€rare i Ă„rskurs 4 â 6 om arbetet medutvecklingen av elevers lĂ€sförstĂ„else av skönlitteratur. Undersökningen genomfördes utifrĂ„n tvĂ„centrala frĂ„gestĂ€llningar om lĂ€rarnas val av skönlitteratur i undervisning i lĂ€sförstĂ„else och hur lĂ€rarevĂ€ljer att arbeta med lĂ€sstrategier för att utveckla lĂ€sförstĂ„elsen av skönlitteratur hos elever i Ă„rskurs 4 â 6. Studiens teoretiska utgĂ„ngspunkter utgörs av lĂ€rarkognition gĂ€llande lĂ€rares uppfattningar sĂ„vĂ€lsom receptionsteori i anslutning till beskrivningar av arbetet med lĂ€sförstĂ„else av skönlitteratur.Studiens datainsamling har utgjorts av riktad kvalitativ innehĂ„llsanalys av semistrukturerade intervjueri anslutning till dokumentanalys av undervisningsmaterial med sex lĂ€rare som valts för att efterliknaett representativt tvĂ€rsnitt av lĂ€rarpopulationen utifrĂ„n yrkeslivserfarenhet och skolform. Resultatet avstudien visar att lĂ€rarna uttrycker en samstĂ€mmighet i motiveringar till skönlitteratur och att verk vĂ€ljsutifrĂ„n kriterier gĂ€llande böckernas sprĂ„kliga nivĂ„ och tematiskt innehĂ„ll som eleverna identifierar sigmed och engageras av. LĂ€rarna baserar Ă€ven litteraturvalen pĂ„ sina personliga övertygelser ocherfarenheter. Resultatet visar dessutom att lĂ€rarna fokuserar pĂ„ lĂ€sningens innehĂ„ll och undervisar ilĂ€sstrategier i varierad omfattning med hĂ€nvisning till enstaka strategiprogram, erfarenheter ochskolans strukturer. LĂ€rarna uppvisar osĂ€kerheter i likvĂ€rdighetsarbetet och ger uttryck för ett behov avett kontinuerligt fortbildningsarbete. Förslag pĂ„ vidare forskning inom omrĂ„det för utvecklingen avarbete med lĂ€sstrategier presenteras
Guiding reading comprehension : A qualitative study of teacher perspectives on literature in middle school
The objective of this study has been to investigate the beliefs of Swedish middle school teachers in supporting the development of studentsâ reading comprehension of literature. The study is based on two central research questions that include what motivates teachers in choosing literature for reading comprehension instruction as well as considerations of reading strategy instruction aimed towards developing the reading comprehension of Swedish middle school students in grades 4 â 6. The theoretical basis of the study is grounded in teacher cognition regarding teachersâ beliefs in addition to reader-response theory as it relates to methods of literature reading comprehension instruction. The study method consists of directed qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews with six teachers alongside document analysis of teaching materials used by the informants. Teachers were selected to emulate a representative sample of the teacher population with a variation in professional experience. The results show a consensus among teachers in the literature selection criteria that involve appropriate language complexity in addition to opportunities for students to appeal to and identify with familiar thematic content. Furthermore, personal experiences and interests influence teachers in the literature selection process. Moreover, the results indicate that the teachers make use of a content-focused approach and that reading strategies are applied to a varying extent in reference to influential instructional models, professional experience as well as school structures. The teachers convey insecurities in providing adequate equal support for students, which demonstrates a need for improved structural professional development. Suggestions for future research in reading strategies instruction development are also discussed.Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka uppfattningar hos lĂ€rare i Ă„rskurs 4 â 6 om arbetet medutvecklingen av elevers lĂ€sförstĂ„else av skönlitteratur. Undersökningen genomfördes utifrĂ„n tvĂ„centrala frĂ„gestĂ€llningar om lĂ€rarnas val av skönlitteratur i undervisning i lĂ€sförstĂ„else och hur lĂ€rarevĂ€ljer att arbeta med lĂ€sstrategier för att utveckla lĂ€sförstĂ„elsen av skönlitteratur hos elever i Ă„rskurs 4 â 6. Studiens teoretiska utgĂ„ngspunkter utgörs av lĂ€rarkognition gĂ€llande lĂ€rares uppfattningar sĂ„vĂ€lsom receptionsteori i anslutning till beskrivningar av arbetet med lĂ€sförstĂ„else av skönlitteratur.Studiens datainsamling har utgjorts av riktad kvalitativ innehĂ„llsanalys av semistrukturerade intervjueri anslutning till dokumentanalys av undervisningsmaterial med sex lĂ€rare som valts för att efterliknaett representativt tvĂ€rsnitt av lĂ€rarpopulationen utifrĂ„n yrkeslivserfarenhet och skolform. Resultatet avstudien visar att lĂ€rarna uttrycker en samstĂ€mmighet i motiveringar till skönlitteratur och att verk vĂ€ljsutifrĂ„n kriterier gĂ€llande böckernas sprĂ„kliga nivĂ„ och tematiskt innehĂ„ll som eleverna identifierar sigmed och engageras av. LĂ€rarna baserar Ă€ven litteraturvalen pĂ„ sina personliga övertygelser ocherfarenheter. Resultatet visar dessutom att lĂ€rarna fokuserar pĂ„ lĂ€sningens innehĂ„ll och undervisar ilĂ€sstrategier i varierad omfattning med hĂ€nvisning till enstaka strategiprogram, erfarenheter ochskolans strukturer. LĂ€rarna uppvisar osĂ€kerheter i likvĂ€rdighetsarbetet och ger uttryck för ett behov avett kontinuerligt fortbildningsarbete. Förslag pĂ„ vidare forskning inom omrĂ„det för utvecklingen avarbete med lĂ€sstrategier presenteras
Utvecklingspotential i gruvan? : Unga gruvarbetares utbildningsaspirationer
UtgaÌngspunkten foÌr denna studie aÌr att sociokulturell bakgrund och geografisk position paÌverkar aspirationer foÌr vidareutbildning hos ungdomar i glesbygden. I denna studie undersoÌks aspirationer ur ett arbetslivsperspektiv; vilka aspirationer till vidareutbildning unga vuxna i ett litet samhaÌlle har samt vilka aspekter av livet som aktualiseras i deras resonemang. Denna studie syftar till att bidra med en foÌrstaÌelse foÌr hur unga gruvarbetare ser paÌ vidareutbildning inom karriaÌren, samt hur sociokulturell bakgrund och geografisk position kommer till uttryck i deras aspirationer. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomfoÌrts med unga gruvarbetare som bor och arbetar i ett gruvsamhaÌlle. Det empiriska materialet analyseras utifraÌn Bourdieus kapitalteori som innefattar begreppen habitus, tillgaÌngar och faÌlt. Genom att undersoÌka individernas habitus och symboliska tillgaÌngar, hur de foÌrhaÌller sig till gruvarbetets faÌlt, vad de tycker aÌr vaÌrt att investera i, samt vilken mening de laÌgger i kompetensutveckling, kunde slutsatser dras om deras aspirationer i foÌrhaÌllande till social bakgrund och geografisk position. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av de unga gruvarbetarna upplever att det inte finns utvecklingspotential i gruvan. Geografiska, ekonomiska och sociala faktorer paÌverkar baÌde gruvarbetarnas upplevda moÌjlighet till utveckling samt viljan till kompetensutveckling. De har investerat i platsspecifika tillgaÌngar, saÌsom socialt och ekonomiskt kapital i form av familj, kollegor och en bra loÌn, vilket binder dem till gruvsamhaÌllet. De som vill utvecklas i karriaÌren ser sig flytta fraÌn samhaÌllet eller byta yrke och bransch. FoÌr dem hoÌr inte utbildningsaspirationer ihop med gruvan
Utvecklingspotential i gruvan? : Unga gruvarbetares utbildningsaspirationer
UtgaÌngspunkten foÌr denna studie aÌr att sociokulturell bakgrund och geografisk position paÌverkar aspirationer foÌr vidareutbildning hos ungdomar i glesbygden. I denna studie undersoÌks aspirationer ur ett arbetslivsperspektiv; vilka aspirationer till vidareutbildning unga vuxna i ett litet samhaÌlle har samt vilka aspekter av livet som aktualiseras i deras resonemang. Denna studie syftar till att bidra med en foÌrstaÌelse foÌr hur unga gruvarbetare ser paÌ vidareutbildning inom karriaÌren, samt hur sociokulturell bakgrund och geografisk position kommer till uttryck i deras aspirationer. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomfoÌrts med unga gruvarbetare som bor och arbetar i ett gruvsamhaÌlle. Det empiriska materialet analyseras utifraÌn Bourdieus kapitalteori som innefattar begreppen habitus, tillgaÌngar och faÌlt. Genom att undersoÌka individernas habitus och symboliska tillgaÌngar, hur de foÌrhaÌller sig till gruvarbetets faÌlt, vad de tycker aÌr vaÌrt att investera i, samt vilken mening de laÌgger i kompetensutveckling, kunde slutsatser dras om deras aspirationer i foÌrhaÌllande till social bakgrund och geografisk position. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av de unga gruvarbetarna upplever att det inte finns utvecklingspotential i gruvan. Geografiska, ekonomiska och sociala faktorer paÌverkar baÌde gruvarbetarnas upplevda moÌjlighet till utveckling samt viljan till kompetensutveckling. De har investerat i platsspecifika tillgaÌngar, saÌsom socialt och ekonomiskt kapital i form av familj, kollegor och en bra loÌn, vilket binder dem till gruvsamhaÌllet. De som vill utvecklas i karriaÌren ser sig flytta fraÌn samhaÌllet eller byta yrke och bransch. FoÌr dem hoÌr inte utbildningsaspirationer ihop med gruvan
"Man vill ju inte se helt knÀpp ut liksom"
Barthelsson, Marie & Zetterman, My (2009). âMan vill ju inte se helt knĂ€pp ut liksom â en kvalitativ studie av en grupp ungdomars relation till bilder pĂ„ internet. (You Don't Want to Look All Crazy â a Qualitative Study of a Group of Young People and Their Relations to Pictures on the Internet). Skolutveckling och ledarskap, LĂ€rarutbildningen 90 hp, Malmö högskola. Syftet med följande arbete Ă€r att kartlĂ€gga en grupp ungdomar i gymnasieĂ„lders vanor vad gĂ€ller att ladda upp bilder pĂ„ nĂ€tet samt att undersöka deras medvetenhet om konsekvenser av detta. I vilken utstrĂ€ckning och i vilka forum laddar unga idag upp bilder? Hur uppfattar de att de förhĂ„ller sig till den information de sprider pĂ„ nĂ€tet och den bild av sig sjĂ€lva de bygger upp dĂ€r? Hur förhĂ„ller de sig till andras bilder av sig sjĂ€lva? Vilken roll spelar uppladdningen av bilder för identitetsskapande och det sociala samspelet med andra?Arbetet bygger pĂ„ ett litteraturbaserat teoriavsnitt dĂ€r teorier om identitetsskapande, socialisation, sjĂ€lvportrĂ€tt och media literacy lyfts fram. Med hjĂ€lp av gruppintervjuer har vi sedan undersökt i vilken utstrĂ€ckning ungdomar laddar upp bilder och deras kommentarer kring olika aspekter av anvĂ€ndandet av internet.Resultaten pekar pĂ„ att de intervjuade ungdomarna idag Ă€r medvetna om konsekvenser av att ladda upp bilder men upplever att de positiva effekterna Ă€r viktigare. Internet spelar stor roll för ungdomarnas sociala liv och Ă€r fullt implementerat i deras vardag som en artefakt för social samvaro och medel för att uttrycka sig sjĂ€lv. Vidare kan konstateras att ungdomarna upplevt att de fĂ„tt vĂ€ldigt lite information frĂ„n skolan om upphovsrĂ€tt och internetkunskap. Det finns ocksĂ„ en tydlig vilja för ungdomarna att dra grĂ€nser mellan sitt egna liv pĂ„ internet och vuxnas liv pĂ„ internet. Vi menar att som lĂ€rare Ă€r det av stor vikt att sĂ€kerstĂ€lla hög media literacy hos sig sjĂ€lv samt att kĂ€nna till de forum dĂ€r elever uttrycker sig sjĂ€lva och socialiserar med andra