Evaluation of Two Systems Used to Extract Alfalfa Weevil Larvae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Alfalfa Samples

A modified Berlese funnel system was developed to extract alfalfa weevil larvae (Hypera postica) from quadrats 30.5 cm on a side. Data from this system were comp.wed with simultaneous data from a hand sorting extraction system. In most instances, the modified Berlese system was as efficient as the hand sorting method and the number of man hours required to process samples by hand was far greater than that required by the Berlese system

But what do they think it means? The Text/image relationship in informational communication

To better understand how an audience processes information transmitted via image, text, or both, this study presented four different versions of the same message to four groups of RIT students. The message consisted of the following content: text only, text with images depicting evenly spaced years, text with images depicting irregularly spaced years, and text with irregularly spaced years. Subjects were instructed to look at the message for a set amount of time and then complete a questionnaire. Those who were given messages that had images and text felt less confused or misled than those who were given messages containing images only. Subjects reported that images and text both have the potential to mislead when trying to inform, but that the preferred method for acquiring information is that which employs both images and text together

Disease as a Larval Mortality Factor in Alfalfa Weevil, \u3ci\u3eHypera Postica\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Populations in Illinois

During the 1974 growing season, larvae of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), were examined for pathogens. Three larvae out of 715 examined were infected with a microsporidium. This infection was present in both Washington and Mason counties in Illinois

Electron Diffraction Study of Rhenium Fluorides. II. Structure, Pseudorotation, and Anharmonic Coupling of Modes in ReF7

Significant departures from D5hD5h symmetry are indicated by the gas‐phase electron diffraction data for ReF7. Observed scattered intensities, corrected for heavy‐atom effects as discussed in the preceding paper, are adequately represented by structures with static deformations of either C2C2 or CsCs symmetry of the following character. A puckering of the ring of five fluorines (maximum out‐of‐plane displacement ≈ 9°) is accompanied by a movement of each axial fluorine from the reference axis of ≈ 8° in the direction which provides maximum avoidance of fluorines on the rhenium coordination sphere. Equally compatible with the data is the much more reasonable dynamic pseudorotation model in which vibrational displacements carry the molecule from C2C2 to CsCs to C2C2 configurations. The tenfold character of the hindering potential and modest displacements preclude an appreciable barrier. A pronounced skewing of the envelope of axial–equatorial, FaFeFaFe, distances reveals a coupling in phase of the e1′e1′ axial bend to the e2″e2″ ring puckering vibration through the S2(e2″)S(e1′)S2(e2″)S(e1′) cubic term in the potential‐energy function. The skewing, which moves the maximum of the FaFeFaFe distribution peak inside the distribution center of gravity, results in an apparent “anharmonic shrinkage” of the nonbonded peak by an amount exceeding the well‐known “Bastiansen–Morino” harmonic shrinkage. It is to be noted that the equatorial pseudorotation problem closely resembles that for cyclopentane in reduced mass, in displacement, and therefore, presumably, in frequency. The structure itself may be understood in terms of bond–bond repulsions thrusting the equatorial atoms out of plane; the out‐of‐plane displacement, in turn, induces an axial bend. The actual structure, however, exhibits too large an axial bend to conform to the simple repelling points‐on‐a‐sphere model of Gillespie and too small a deviation from D5hD5h to correspond to the close packing of hard atoms around the rhenium.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70852/2/JCPSA6-53-6-2235-1.pd

Electron Diffraction Study of Rhenium Fluorides. I. Heavy‐Atom Corrections and Structure of ReF6

To date, no theoretical models for electron molecular scattering have been developed which bring calculated scattered intensities from heavy atoms into satisfactory agreement with experiment. Preparatory to an electron diffraction study of ReF7, a molecule with an uncertain and possibly complex structure, an investigation of ReF6 was undertaken. The simplicity of the hexafluoride's geometry (OhOh symmetry) allows an empirical characterization of the discrepancy between experimental and calculated intensities, a discrepancy which can be attributed chiefly to the behavior of ReF interference terms rather than to uncertainties in structural parameters. After a structure analysis of ReF6, the observed difference signal (Iobs − Icalc)(Iobs−Icalc) was used with appropriate scaling to modify ReF7 intensities before structural parameters for the heptafluoride were refined. Parameters determined for ReF6, e.g., rg(ReF)  =  1.832 ± 0.004Årg(ReF)=1.832±0.004Å and lg(ReF)  =  0.044Ålg(ReF)=0.044Å, are in excellent agreement with those reported from diffraction studies of other 5d5d transition‐metal hexafluorides. Results for ReF7 are reported in Paper II.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70103/2/JCPSA6-53-6-2231-1.pd

Adsorption of vapors by silica gels of different structures

1. 1. Isothermals were obtained at 25[deg]C. for the adsorption of the vapors of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, hexane, and water by silica gels of different apparent densities. For certain of these systems additional isotherms at 40 or 45[deg]C. were obtained.2. 2. The specific surface area of each gel was determined by three independent methods as follows: (a) by application of the BET equation to the low temperature nitrogen adsorption isotherms, (b) by the method based upon the assumption of the existence of uniform circular capillaries (i.e., ), and (c) by treatment of the gravimetric data according to the free surface energy method of Fu and Bartell.3. 3. For each system the values of the adhesion tension, work of adhesion, and initial spreading coefficient were calculated from the adsorption data by means of the Gibbs equation which interrelates surface area, surface tension, surface excess and chemical potential.4. 4. It was found that the free surface energy changes which occurred when unit areas of the different porous solids were replaced by unit areas of given solid-liquid or solid-saturated vapor interfaces were independent of the apparent densities of the adsorbent, i.e., the adhesion tension values calculated for a given liquid against a series of silica gels which differed in average pore radius, pore volume, and specific surface area were practically the same.5. 5. Inasmuch as six different organic liquids, possessing widely different surface tensions as well as widely different interaction energies against silica gave for a given gel similar values for surface area, which values were in good agreement with values obtained with other accepted methods, it appears justifiable to conclude that the free surface energy method of Fu and Bartell is generally applicable.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32543/1/0000654.pd