Simulation of the Dynamic Inefficiency of the CMS Pixel Detector

The Pixel Detector is the innermost part of the CMS Tracker. It therefore has to prevail in the harshest environment in terms of particle fluence and radiation. There are several mechanisms that may decrease the efficiency of the detector. These are mainly caused by data acquisition (DAQ) problems and/or Single Event Upsets (SEU). Any remaining efficiency loss is referred to as the dynamic inefficiency. It is caused by various mechanisms inside the Readout Chip (ROC) and depends strongly on the data occupancy. In the 2012 data, at high values of instantaneous luminosity the inefficiency reached 2\% (in the region closest to the interaction point) which is not negligible. In the 2015 run higher instantaneous luminosity is expected, which will result in lower efficiencies; therefore this effect needs to be understood and simulated. A data-driven method has been developed to simulate dynamic inefficiency, which has been shown to successfully simulate the effects

Simulation of the dynamic inefficiency of the CMS pixel detector

The Pixel Detector is the innermost part of the CMS Tracker. It therefore has to prevail in the harshest environment in terms of particle fluence and radiation. There are several mechanisms that may decrease the efficiency of the detector. These are mainly caused by data acquisition (DAQ) problems and/or Single Event Upsets (SEU). Any remaining efficiency loss is referred to as the dynamic inefficiency. It is caused by various mechanisms inside the Readout Chip (ROC) and depends strongly on the data occupancy. In the 2012 data, at high values of instantaneous luminosity the inefficiency reached 2 (in the region closest to the interaction point) which is not negligible. In the 2015 run higher instantaneous luminosity is expected, which will result in lower efficiencies; therefore this effect needs to be understood and simulated. A data-driven method has been developed to simulate dynamic inefficiency, which has been shown to successfully simulate the effects

Érzelmi tartalmak észlelése a magyar beszédben

Érzelmi állapotaink kifejezésében nagy szerepe van a szupraszegmentumoknak. Az itt bemutatott kísérlet az érzelmi tartalmak ilyen módon történő, csak a beszéd nemnyelvi elemeit hasznosító közvetítésének észlelését vizsgálja. A kísérlet során eljátszott érzelmi állapotokat kifejező beszédhangokat játszottunk le 57 adatközlőnek, akik azokat az érzelmeket jellemző három, sematikus illusztrációkkal megjelenített, az érzelmi állapotok jellemzésében gyakran használt skálán (aktiváció, valencia, dominancia) értékelték. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy az adatközlők képesek a különböző aktivációjú, valenciájú és dominanciájú érzelmi tartalmak elkülönítésére kizárólag az adatközlő beszéde alapján az alkalmazott vizuális skála segítségével, azonban ennek mértékét több tényező is befolyásolja: mind a vizsgált érzelmi dimenzió, mind a stimulust produkáló beszélő személye befolyásolta az érzelmi állapotok elkülönítésének mértékét

V-to-V Coarticulation Induced Acoustic and Articulatory Variability of Vowels: The Effect of Pitch-Accent

In the present study we analyzed vowel variation induced by carryover V-to-V coarticulation under the effect of pitch-accent as a function of vowel quality (using a minimally constrained intervening consonant to maximize V-to-V effects). We tested if /i/ is more resistant to coarticulation than /u/, and if both vowels show increased coarticulatory resistance in pitch-accented syllables. Our approach was unprecedented in the sense that it involved the analysis of parallel acoustic (F2) and articulatory (x-axis dorsum position) data in a great number of speakers (9 speaker), and real words of Hungarian. To analyze the degree of coarticulation, we adopted the locus equation approach, and fitted linear models on vowel onset and midpoint data, and calculated the differences between coarticulated and non-coarticulated vowels in both domains. To measure variability, we calculated standard deviations of midpoint F2 values and dorsum positions. The results showed that accent clearly exerted an effect on the phonetic realization of vowels, but the effect we found was dependent on both the vowel quality, and the domain (articulation/acoustics) at hand. Observation of the patterns we found in parallel acoustic and articulatory data warrants for reconsideration of the term ‘coarticulatory resistance’, and how it should be conceptualized