Added sugar intake by adolescents: a population-based study

Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de ingestão de açúcares de adição dentro do limite máximo de 5% da energia total da dieta, segundo variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, de comportamentos relacionados à saúde e estado nutricional, em adolescentes. Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional, com amostra por conglomerados e em dois estágios. A quantidade de açúcar livre da dieta foi estimada por meio do Recordatório de 24 horas. Dos 924 adolescentes avaliados, apenas 20,1% (IC95%: 16,8-23,9) se enquadraram na recomendação de não exceder 5% das calorias totais com açúcares de adição. Maiores prevalências de atendimento à recomendação foram verificadas no sexo masculino (22,0%), nos adolescentes de 15-19 anos (24,3%), nos não naturais do estado de São Paulo (30,4%), nos que tinham menor tempo de tela (27,5%), nos que possuíam menor número de equipamentos domésticos (0-7: 29,5%; 8-15: 20,3%) e naqueles com escores superiores de qualidade da dieta (tercil 2: 17,7%, tercil 3: 37,2%). Os resultados apontam os fatores associados ao consumo de açúcares de adição numa perspectiva epidemiológica, revelando uma simultaneidade de comportamentos inadequados, ou seja, os adolescentes que ingerem mais açúcares também apresentam maior tempo de tela e pior qualidade global da dieta24932373246The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of added sugar intake within the maximum limit of 5% of the total energy of the diet and test associations with demographic/socioeconomic characteristics, health-related behaviors and nutritional status in adolescents. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with two-stage cluster sampling. The amount of free sugar in the diet was estimated using a 24-hour dietary recall. Among the 924 adolescents evaluated, only 20.1% (95% CI: 16.8-23.9) met the recommendation of not exceeding 5% of total calories with added sugar. Higher prevalence rates of adherence to the recommendation were found among males (22.0%), adolescents aged 15 to 19 years (24.3%), those born outside the state of Sao Paulo (30.4%), those with less screen time (27.5%), those with a lower number of household appliances (0-7: 29.5%; 8-15: 20.3%) and those with higher diet quality scores (2nd tertile: 17.7%; 3rd tertile: 37.2%). The findings demonstrate factors associated with added sugar intake from an epidemiological perspective, revealing the simultaneity of inappropriate behaviors, that is, the adolescents who consume more sugar also have longer screen time and worse overall diet qualit

Motor performance in kaingang indigenous children

Introduction: Studies on indigenous children show low height for age, however there is a lack of literature on motor performance in these populations. Motor performance tests are important indicators in identifying factors of physical fi tness related to health. Objective: To compare the motor performance in Kaingang indigenous children. Methods: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional with 78 Kaingang schoolchildren aged between 8 and 9 years from the indigenous area of Rio das Cobras, in Paraná, Brazil. The children were classifi ed into two groups, Group A below (GA) and Group B (GB) above the -2 z-scores for the reference stature for age from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics. The data were collected using anthropometric measurements of their stature and motor performance tests for sitting and reaching (fl exibility), jumping distance (muscle power), sitting and lying down (strength and muscular resistance) and coming and going (agility). Analysis of covariance (p < 0.05) was used to compare the stature between the groups as well as their motor performance, controlled by age, and separated per sex. Results: Among the 78 schoolchildren evaluated, 45.5% of boys and 55.5% of girls were below the -2 zscores for stature at their age, classifi ed in GA, and 54.5% of boys and 44.5% of girls were above the -2 z-scores for stature at their age, classifi ed in GB. There was a signifi cant difference in stature between the groups, in both sexes. There was a signifi cant difference in the motor performance tests between children classifi ed as having a short stature and those not characterized as such, in both sexes. Conclusion: Short stature did not infl uence motor performance in the children studied

CARACTERÍSTICAS ANTROPOMÉTRICAS DE ATLETAS DE GINÁSTICA RÍTMICA

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever caractersticas de crescimento e de antropometria nutricional em atletas de Ginstica Rtmica. Foram avaliadas 342 ginastas de 8 a 19 anos, de 11 estados e 24 cidades, no Torneio Nacional de Ginstica Rtmica. Os dados coletados antropomtricos foram: estatura, peso, espessura da dobra cutnea tricipital (TR), circunferncia de brao e o ndice de massa corporal (IMC), os valores de antropometria nutricional de rea de brao (A. Brao), rea de msculo (A. Msculo) e rea de gordura (A. Gordura). Foram estabelecidos valores de escore Z para as informaes considerando valores mdios de estudos referenciais. Os resultados demonstraram que as ginastas apresentaram valores inferiores em relao aos referenciais para todas as informaes pesquisadas. Poucas diferenas foram evidenciadas em relao s comparaes entre grupos etrios. Estes resultados foram concordantes com outros estudos na modalidade, e demonstraram existir um perfil antropomtrico especfico para o desenvolvimento da modalidade. Foi possvel concluir que os resultados de escores Z, colocados em relao + 2 DP e 2 DP, no demonstraram caracterstica de desnutrio e de sobrepeso, e desta forma acredita-se tambm no existir carncia nutricional, o que refora que desde as primeiras idades, quando relacionada a carter competitivo, h a necessidade das ginastas apresentarem o perfil antropomtrico exigido pelo esporte

INDICADORES DOS NÍVEIS DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E APTIDÃO FÍSICA EM ESCOLARES

A atividade fsica pode certamente ser considerada como um comportamento saudvel, alm de ser vista como importante componente na profilaxia de risco de doenas cardiovasculares. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar associaes entre informaes relacionadas prtica de atividade fsica e indicadores dos componentes da aptido fsica em adolescentes. Amostra foi constituda por 350 sujeitos (205 meninas e 145 meninos) com idades entre 14 e 18 anos. Informaes relacionadas s atividades fsicas realizadas no cotidiano foram obtidas mediante instrumento retrospectivo de autorrecordao. Com estimativas quanto demanda energtica das atividades realizadas durante o dia (DEtotal), tempo despendido em atividades fsicas de baixa intensidade (AFBA) e de moderada-a-vigorosa intensidades (AFMV). Tempo dedicado em repouso na cama e atividades em posio sentada como indicador de inatividade fsica (INAF). Aptido fsica relacionada sade foi observada baseando-se em quatro componentes. Capacidade cardiorrespiratria por intermdio de estimativas do consumo mximo de oxignio (VO2max) mediante teste de corrida de 12 minutos realizado em quadra. Fora/resistncia muscular e flexibilidade com os testes motores de flexes abdominais e sentar-e-alcanar. Gordura corporal obtida atravs do ndice de massa corporal, da soma das espessuras das dobras cutneas tricipital e subescapular e gordura percentual. Foram empregados recursos da estatstica descritiva, teste t e correlao para anlise dos dados. Resultados indicaram baixa associao entre AFMV, DEtotal e VO2max, em ambos os gneros. Os dados de atividade fsica no apresentaram associaes significativas com indicadores de fora/resistncia muscular, flexibilidade e gordura corporal. Conclumos que os adolescentes, sendo habitualmente ativos, no garantem que possam apresentar melhores ndices de aptido fsica. Existem outros fatores, que no apenas a prtica de atividade fsica regular, que seriam responsveis pela melhoria, ou mesmo manuteno, dos componentes da aptido fsica

Making Healthy Babies: The Role of a Mother’s Education

The purpose of this research is to synthesize information that expectant parents can use in promoting long term health benefits, both for themselves and their new born baby. To achieve this, an extensive review of the literature review was conducted to identify the most up- to date peer- reviewed information on how the mother’s attitude and lifestyle choices play a role in their health, and how these decisions could ultimately determine their newborns long-term well- being as well. This literature review identifies several important themes for expectant parents and other stakeholders. These themes include: the role of education, prenatal nutrition, behavior, immunization and exercise during pregnancy.https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/research_posters/1022/thumbnail.jp

Nutritional status of schoolchildren according to school geographical localization in the city of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in students of public schools from Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 11,290 children aged seven to ten from public schools in the city of Sorocaba. Underweight, overweight and obesity were defined as, respectively, 85th and >95th body mass index percentiles for sex and age, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart (CDC, 2000). The prevalence of nutritional alterations was assessed according to the geographical localization. RESULTS: Rates for underweight, overweight and obesity were respectively: Central area 3.4, 17.2 and 15.1%; Southern area, 4.2, 15.4 and 11.2%; Eastern area, 3.2, 14.7 and 12.7%; Northeast, 4.3, 11.9 and 10.7%; North, 5.8, 12 and 9.1%; Northwest 7.5, 11 and 9.1%; and Western regions 6, 11 and 9.2%. The differences between areas were significant (p85 e >95 do índice de massa corpórea por idade para sexo e idade propostos pelos Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2000). Comparou-se a prevalência de alterações nutricionais de acordo com a localização da escola. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de baixo peso, sobrepeso e obesidade nas crianças avaliadas, segundo a região geográfica de Sorocaba foi, respectivamente: Centro 3,4, 17,2 e 15,1%; Sul 4,2, 15,4 e 11,2%; Leste 3,2, 14,7 e 12,7%; Nordeste 4,3, 11,9 e 10,7%; Norte 5,8, 12 e 9,1%; Noroeste 7,5, 11 e 9,1%; Oeste 6,0, 11 e 9,2%. Os meninos apresentaram 5,3, 12,1 e 11,9% e as meninas 5,9, 12,3 e 8,2% de baixo peso, sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa na prevalência de alterações nutricionais entre as regiões da cidade (p<0,001) CONCLUSÕES: O Centro e o Leste de Sorocaba apresentaram as maiores taxas de escolares com excesso de peso, as regiões Noroeste e Oeste, as maiores taxas de baixo peso. Na análise por sexo, os meninos apresentaram maiores taxas de obesidade. Esses resultados podem ajudar a planejar políticas públicas para a prevenção da obesidade em escolares556

Childhood And Adolescent Obesity: How Many Extra Calories Are Responsible For Excess Of Weight?

To review the main articles on energy imbalance and obesity in order to quantify the daily energy surplus associated with weight gain in children and adolescents. Articles published in the last ten years, indexed in electronic databases Medline (Pubmed) and SciELO-Br. In the Medline database, the descriptor energy gap was used and describes the energy values ​​associated with changes in body weight in individuals or populations. In SciELO-Br database, the descriptors obesity, energy metabolism, energy balance, and energy imbalance were used, once it was not possible to find national articles discussing the energy gap. In the pediatric population, four studies were performed and indicate that children and adolescents are gradually gaining weight due to a small, but persistent, daily positive energy balance of 70 to 160kcal above the total energy suitable for growth. The results suggest that small changes in daily eating behavior as well as physical activity would be enough to prevent future weight gain in this population. gradual weight gain can be explained by small daily average of positive energy balance, from 70 to 160kcal above the total energy suitable for growth. The incentive to small changes in eating behavior and physical activities that promotes daily reduction of 160kcal can be an accessible practice in order to block weight gain in this population.31252-

Crescimento de lactentes até os 6 meses de idade alimentados com leite materno e com leite artificial

Monitoring growth of infants is extremely important to detect malnutrition and/or ilness that the first sign is the slowing down of the rate of growth. Considering that the kind of milk provided to the children may interfere in this process this research is aimmed at comparing the growth of breast and artificially fed infants up to the age of 6 months The weight and Iength of 365 infants bom with birthweight &gt;2500 g in an agro-industrial town in the State of São Paulo (Brazil) were studied. For this research we took two groups: one with children weaned before 2 months and the other with those that were breast fed up to 6 months of age. The 10th, 50th and 90th centile for weight and Iength were calculated according to age and sex, and then smoothed by the H3H3H method Graphically they were compared with the NCHS reference data Children fed with breast milk showed to be heavier than the artificially fed children and the NCHS data. On the other hand the length of both breast fed and bottle fes infants were shorter than the NCHSA monitorização de lactentes é extremamente importante para a prevenção de desnutrição e/ou para a detecção de problemas, cuja primeira manifestação se dá na diminuição da velocidade de crescimento. Como o tipo de aleitamento pode interferir nesse processo o objetivo deste trabalho e comparar o crescimento de lactentes alimentados com leite materno e, com leite artificial. Foram tomados o peso e o comprimento de 365 lactentes que, ao nascer, tiveram peso maior ou igual a 2500 g, em uma comunidade agroindustrial de São Paulo. Desses, foram separados os que passaram a receber leite artificial, antes dos 2 meses, daqueles que receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses. Foram calculados os percentis 10, 50 e 90 do peso e do comprimento deitado, segundo o sexo, e gráficos são apresentados alisados pelo método H3H3H e comparados com os dados do NCHS. As crianças alimentadas com leite materno tiveram peso maior que as com leite artificial e as do NCHS. Em relação ao comprimento, tanto as crianças que receberam leite materno, quanto as que receberam leite artificial apresentam resultados sistematicamente menores que as curvas do NCHS

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight among Brazilian children younger than 2 years

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of overweight, analyze its progression from 1989 to 2006 and identify factors associated with it among children younger than two years in Brazil. METHODS: Data for the Women and Children National Demography and Health Survey (PNDS 2006) were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The study sample included 1,735 children aged 0 to 24 months (910 boys; 825 girls). Nutritional status was defined according to the weight-for-height index (W/H; WHO, 2006), and children were classified as overweight if their W/H z score was greater than +2. RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight in Brazil was 6.54%. The highest prevalence of overweight was found in the southern (10.0%) and midwestern (11.1%) regions, among families with a per capita income higher than one minimum wage (11.8%), in social classes with a greater purchasing power (9.7%), among children whose birth weight was greater than 3 kg (8.04%) and whose exclusive breastfeeding lasted less than five months (7.4%). According to a fitted multiple logistic regression model, factors associated with overweight were: birth weight > 3 kg [odds ratio (OR) = 5.2, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 2.56-10.56], per capita income > 1 minimum wage (OR = 2.50, 95%CI 1.20-5.21), residence in midwestern region (OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.01-5.72). CONCLUSIONS: The comparison of the prevalence found in the 2006 survey with the 1989 and 1996 values revealed that overweight among children younger than two years tends to decrease. The risk factors identified suggest that further actions should be conducted to prevent obesity among infants living in the midwestern region of Brazil, whose birth weight was greater than 3 kg and whose families had a per capita income higher than one minimum wage.OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de excesso de peso obtida na Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher de 2006, analisar sua evolução no período de 1989 a 2006 e identificar os fatores associados em crianças brasileiras menores de 2 anos. MÉTODOS: Dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher de 2006. Informações obtidas por meio de questionários e mensurações antropométricas para subamostra de 1.735 crianças de 0 a 24 meses (910 meninos, 825 meninas). Excesso de peso foi definido como valor do indicador peso para altura (WHO, 2006) superior ao escore z +2. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de excesso de peso no país foi de 6,5%. Maiores prevalências foram observadas nas regiões Sul (10,0%) e Centro-Oeste (11,1%), nas famílias com renda per capita superior a um salário mínimo (11,8%), nas classes sociais de maior poder aquisitivo (9,7%), em crianças com peso ao nascer superior a 3 kg (8,04%) e com tempo de amamentação exclusiva inferior a 5 meses (7,4%). A regressão logística múltipla evidenciou como fatores associados: peso ao nascer > 3 kg [odds ratio (OR) = 5,20; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) 2,56-10,56], renda per capita > um salário mínimo (OR = 2,50; IC95% 1,20-5,21) e residir na macrorregião Centro-Oeste (OR = 2,40; IC95% 1,01-5,72). CONCLUSÕES: Comparando a prevalência de 6,5% encontrada no inquérito de 2006 com os anteriores de 1989 e 1996, evidencia-se que o excesso de peso em menores de 2 anos apresenta tendência de decréscimo. Os fatores de risco identificados apontam para a necessidade de intensificar ações de prevenção da obesidade junto aos lactentes residentes na Região Centro-Oeste, aos nascidos com mais de 3 kg e aos pertencentes a famílias com renda per capita superior a um salário mínimo.UNIFESP Departamento de PediatriaCentro Universitário LusíadaUNICAMP Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP, Depto. de PediatriaSciEL

Medical adverse events in elderly hospitalized patients: a prospective study

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of medical adverse events in elderly patients admitted to an acute care geriatric unit, the predictive factors of occurrence, and the correlation between adverse events and hospital mortality rates. METHODS: This prospective study included 171 admissions of patients aged 60 years and older in the acute care geriatric unit in a teaching hospital in Brazil between 2007 and 2008. The following variables were assessed at admission: the patient age, gender, number of prescription drugs, geriatric syndromes (e.g., immobility, postural instability, dementia, depression, delirium, and incontinence), comorbidities, functional status (evaluated with the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living), and severity of illness (evaluated with the Simplified Acute Physiology Score Il). The incidence of delirium, infection, mortality, and the prescription of potentially inappropriate medications (based on the Beers criteria) were assessed during hospitalization. An observer who was uninvolved in patient care reported the adverse events. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 78.12 years. A total of 187 medical adverse events occurred in 94 admissions (55%). The predictors of medical adverse events were undetermined. Compared with the patients with no adverse events, the patients with medical adverse events had a significantly longer hospital stay (21.41 ± 15.08 days versus 10.91 ± 7.21 days) and a higher mortality rate (39 deaths [41.5%] versus 17 deaths [22.1%]). Mortality was significantly predicted by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, confidence interval [CI] 95%, 1.07 to 1.20), the Katz score (OR=1.47, CI 95%, 1.18 to 1.83), and medical adverse events (OR = 3.59, CI 95%, 1.55 to 8.30). CONCLUSION: Medical adverse events should be monitored in every elderly hospitalized patient because there is no risk profile for susceptible patients, and the consequences of adverse events are serious, sometimes leading to longer hospital stays or even death