Erratum on “Association between physical activity, participation in Physical Education classes, and social isolation in adolescents”

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the association between physical activity, participation in Physical Education classes, and indicators of social isolation among adolescents.MethodsThis was an epidemiological study based on secondary analysis of data from a representative sample of students (14–19 years) from public high schools (n=4,207). Data were collected through the questionnaire Global School-based Student Health Survey. The independent variables were the level of physical activity and enrollment in Physical Education classes, while the dependent variables were two indicators of social isolation (feeling of loneliness and having few friends). Descriptive and inferential procedures were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsMost of the adolescents were classified as insufficiently active (65.1%) and reported not attending Physical Education classes (64.9%). Approximately two in each ten participants reported feeling of loneliness (15.8%) and, in addition, about one in each five adolescents reported have only one friend (19.5%). In the bivariate analysis, a significantly lower proportion of individuals reporting social isolation was observed among adolescents who referred higher enrollment in Physical Education classes. After adjustment for confounding variables, binary logistic regression showed that attending Physical Education classes was identified as a protective factor in relation to the indicator of social isolation ‘having few friends,’ but only for girls.ConclusionsIt was concluded that participation in Physical Education classes is associated with reduced social isolation among female adolescents

Inactive commuting to work and associated factors in industrial workers

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à inatividade física nos deslocamentos para o trabalho em trabalhadores da indústria do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Dados para realização desse estudo transversal foram coletados numa amostra com 1.910 trabalhadores mediante utilização de questionário previamente validado. Informações sobre a prática de atividades físicas nos deslocamentos foram obtidas pelo tempo despendido e pelo modo como os sujeitos relataram que se deslocavam para ir ao trabalho, na maioria dos dias da semana. Análise dos dados foi realizada por regressão logística binária com modelagem hierárquica. Verificou-se que 84,2% dos trabalhadores são fisicamente inativos nos deslocamentos para o trabalho. Após ajustamento para fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e outros fatores relacionados à saúde, observou-se tanto em homens quanto em mulheres que a renda familiar e o porte da empresa estavam diretamente associados à inatividade nos deslocamentos para o trabalho. Nos homens, a inatividade nos deslocamentos estava também diretamente associada à escolaridade e à diabetes autorreferida. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de deslocamento inativo é alta e está associada a fatores individuais, sociais e organizacionais.This study analyzed the prevalence of and identified the factors associated with inactive commuting to work among industrial workers from Pernambuco, Brazil. Data for this cross-sectional study were gathered from a sample of 1,910 industrial employees by using a previously validated questionnaire. The measure of inactive commuting to work was based on self-reported time and mode of transportation to work on most days of a typical week. Data analysis was carried out through binary logistic regression using a hierarchical approach to include variables in the model. It was observed that 84.2% of workers were inactive commuters. After adjustment for demographic, socio-economic, and other health-related factors in both men and women, it was found that family income and company size were directly associated with inactive commuting to work. Moreover, among men, inactive commuting was directly associated with schooling level and was associated with a diagnosis of diabetes. It was concluded that the prevalence of inactive commuting to work was high and directly associated with individual, social, and organizational factors

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Atividades físicas no lazer e outros comportamentos relacionados à saúde dos trabalhadores da indústria no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil /

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos.O objetivo do estudo foi descrever, em amostra representativa dos trabalhadores da indústria no Estado de Santa Catarina, a prevalência de comportamentos relacionados à saúde. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário, previamente testado em estudo piloto. O instrumento foi elaborado de modo a permitir o levantamento de informações pessoais e demográficas, aspectos do estilo de vida (fumo, álcool e percepção do nível de estresse), nível habitual de prática de atividades físicas, controle do peso e hábitos alimentares. A amostra foi selecionada através de amostragem por conglomerados em três estágios e incluiu 4.225 trabalhadores (67,5% homens e 32,5% mulheres), com idade média de 29,7 anos (DP=8,6;18-71). Foram utilizados os programas Epi info (versão 6.04b) e SPSS for Windows (versão 8.0) para análise dos dados. Características demográficas: 62% eram casados, 33,8% solteiros; e, apenas, 15,6% tinham pelo menos 12 anos de estudo. Aproximadamente 85% dos sujeitos consideraram o nível pessoal de saúde "bom" ou "excelente". A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 20,7%, sendo que desses, 73,1% fumam diariamente. A proporção de alcoolistas em potencial foi alta (57,2% entre os homens e 18,8% entre as mulheres). Cerca de 14% dos sujeitos referiram níveis elevados de estresse e dificuldade para enfrentar a vida. Quase metade dos sujeitos (46,6%) não realizam atividades físicas no período de lazer (67% das mulheres e 34,8% dos homens). A média do número de horas por semana dispendida em atividades físicas de lazer também foi significantemente maior (p<0.01) entre os homens (2,4 h; DP=5,9) que entre as mulheres (1,2 h; DP=4,0). Quando o gasto energético em atividades físicas de lazer foi estimado, 56,3% dos sujeitos foram classificados como sedentários (<500 kcal/semana), 11,5% são pouco ativos (500-999 kcal/semana), 13,4% são ativos (1.000-1.999 kcal/semana) e 18,8% muito ativos (³ 2.000 kcal/semana). O índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi utilizado para avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade e foi interpretado de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde: 2,8% apresentaram baixo peso (IMC<18,5), 64,1% peso em faixa adequada (IMC entre 18,5 e 24,9), 27,3% apresentaram sobrepeso (IMC entre 25 e 29,9) e, apenas, 5,9% são obesos (IMC ³ 30). A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi maior entre os homens. Resultados demonstram que a exposição ao fumo e sobrepeso/obesidade foi inferior às estimativas disponíveis para a população nacional. Trabalhadores de indústrias pequenas, casados, de menor nível sócioeconômico e com baixo nível de escolaridade foram os que estão expostos a maior prevalência de comportamentos de risco à saúde

Reliability and validity of a physical activity social support assessment scale in adolescents - ASAFA Scale

Objective: To analyze the reliability and validity of a scale used to measure social support for physical activity in adolescents - ASAFA Scale. Methods: This study included 2,755 adolescents (57.6% girls, 16.5 ± 1.2 years of age), from Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Initially, the scale was consisted of 12 items (6 for social support from parents and 6 from friends). The reliability of the scale was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α), by the Composite Reliability (CR), and by the model with two factors and factorial invariance by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) adequacy. Results: The CFA results confirmed that the social support scale contained two factors (factor 1: social support from parents; factor 2: social support from friends) with five items each (one item was excluded from each scale), all with high factor loadings (> 0.65) and acceptable adjustment indexes (RMR = 0.050; RMSEA = 0.063; 90%CI: 0.060 - 0.067); AGFI = 0.903; GFI = 0.940; CFI = 0.934, NNFI = 0.932). The internal consistency was satisfactory (parents: α ≥ 0.77 and CR ≥ 0.83; friends: α ≥ 0.87 and CR ≥ 0.91). The scale's factorial invariance was confirmed (p > 0.05; Δχ2 and ΔCFI ≤ 0.01) across all subgroups analyzed (gender, age, economic class). The construct validity was evidenced by the significant association (p < 0.05) between the adolescents physical activity level and the social support score of parents (rho = 0.29) and friends (rho = 0.39). Conclusions: The scale showed reliability, factorial invariance and satisfactory validity, so it can be used in studies with adolescents

Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde: experiências e processos editoriais

Apresentamos neste artigo um relato das experiências editoriais vivenciadas na Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde (RBAFS), no período de 2007 até o presente, desde que o periódico passou a ser uma publicação científica ofi cial da Sociedade Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde. Neste período, o periódico experimentou grandes avanços: a periodicidade passou a ser bimestral; houve aumento significativo do número de artigos recebidos e publicados; ocorreu a implantação da RBAFS na plataforma SEER e a associação do nosso periódico à CrossRef que passou a atribuir números DOI (Digital Object Identifier) para os artigos publicados. Além disso, a revista a partir de 2013 deixou de ser impressa, passando a disponibilizar somente a versão eletrônica, o que gerou mudança de ISSN. Os avanços alcançados pela RBAFS capacitam-na a buscar a indexação na base Scielo