An Automated Recording Method in Clinical Consultation to Rate the Limp in Lower Limb Osteoarthritis

For diagnosis and follow up, it is important to be able to quantify limp in an objective, and precise way adapted to daily clinical consultation. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine if an inertial sensor-based method could provide simple features that correlate with the severity of lower limb osteoarthritis evaluated by the WOMAC index without the use of step detection in the signal processing. Forty-eight patients with lower limb osteoarthritis formed two severity groups separated by the median of the WOMAC index (G1, G2). Twelve asymptomatic age-matched control subjects formed the control group (G0). Subjects were asked to walk straight 10 meters forward and 10 meters back at self-selected walking speeds with inertial measurement units (IMU) (3-D accelerometers, 3-D gyroscopes and 3-D magnetometers) attached on the head, the lower back (L3-L4) and both feet. Sixty parameters corresponding to the mean and the root mean square (RMS) of the recorded signals on the various sensors (head, lower back and feet), in the various axes, in the various frames were computed. Parameters were defined as discriminating when they showed statistical differences between the three groups. In total, four parameters were found discriminating: mean and RMS of the norm of the acceleration in the horizontal plane for contralateral and ipsilateral foot in the doctor’s office frame. No discriminating parameter was found on the head or the lower back. No discriminating parameter was found in the sensor linked frames. This study showed that two IMUs placed on both feet and a step detection free signal processing method could be an objective and quantitative complement to the clinical examination of the physician in everyday practice. Our method provides new automatically computed parameters that could be used for the comprehension of lower limb osteoarthritis. It may not only be used in medical consultation to score patients but also to monitor the evolution of their clinical syndrome during and after rehabilitation. Finally, it paves the way for the quantification of gait in other fields such as neurology and for monitoring the gait at a patient’s home

The Influence of an External Chromomagnetic Field on Color Superconductivity

We study the competition of quark-antiquark and diquark condensates under the influence of an external chromomagnetic field modelling the gluon condensate and in dependence on the chemical potential and temperature. As our results indicate, an external chromomagnetic field might produce remarkable qualitative changes in the picture of the color superconducting (CSC) phase formation. This concerns, in particular, the possibility of a transition to the CSC phase and diquark condensation at finite temperature.Comment: 27 pages, RevTex, 8 figures; the version accepted for the publication in PRD (few references added; new numerical results added; main conclusions are not changed

An Automated Recording Method in Clinical Consultation to Rate the Limp in Lower Limb Osteoarthritis

International audienceFor diagnosis and follow up, it is important to be able to quantify limp in an objective, and precise way adapted to daily clinical consultation. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine if an inertial sensor-based method could provide simple features that correlate with the severity of lower limb osteoarthritis evaluated by the WOMAC index without the use of step detection in the signal processing. Forty-eight patients with lower limb osteoarthritis formed two severity groups separated by the median of the WOMAC index (G1, G2). Twelve asymptomatic age-matched control subjects formed the control group (G0). Subjects were asked to walk straight 10 meters forward and 10 meters back at self-selected walking speeds with inertial measurement units (IMU) (3-D accelerometers, 3-D gyroscopes and 3-D magnetometers) attached on the head, the lower back (L3-L4) and both feet. Sixty parameters corresponding to the mean and the root mean square (RMS) of the recorded signals on the various sensors (head, lower back and feet), in the various axes, in the various frames were computed. Parameters were defined as discriminating when they showed statistical differences between the three groups. In total, four parameters were found discriminating: mean and RMS of the norm of the acceleration in the horizontal plane for contralateral and ipsilateral foot in the doctor’s office frame. No discriminating parameter was found on the head or the lower back. No discriminating parameter was found in the sensor linked frames. This study showed that two IMUs placed on both feet and a step detection free signal processing method could be an objective and quantitative complement to the clinical examination of the physician in everyday practice. Our method provides new automatically computed parameters that could be used for the comprehension of lower limb osteoarthritis. It may not only be used in medical consultation to score patients but also to monitor the evolution of their clinical syndrome during and after rehabilitation. Finally, it paves the way for the quantification of gait in other fields such as neurology and for monitoring the gait at a patient’s home

Representative data and manual phase annotation result for one healthy participant performing a 10 meters go and 10 meters back walking exercise at self-selected walking speed.

<p>Black bars stand for manual annotation. Dashed zone corresponds to the walking phases. The walking parts of the signal were taken for parameter computation. (<b>A</b>)–Representative ML lateral angular velocity in the sensor linked frame for right foot. (<b>B</b>)—Representative ML lateral angular velocity in the sensor linked frame for left foot. (<b>C</b>)–Representative V angular velocity in the sensor linked frame for L3-L4.</p

Age body mass index (BMI) and WOMAC index mean (upper case) and standard deviation (lower case) of group 1 and group 2 patients with symptomatic lower limb osteoarthritis and age matched controls.

<p>Age body mass index (BMI) and WOMAC index mean (upper case) and standard deviation (lower case) of group 1 and group 2 patients with symptomatic lower limb osteoarthritis and age matched controls.</p

Acceleration and angular velocity parameters in the sensor linked frames and the doctor’s office linked frame.

<p>RMS for root mean square.</p

Sensor-placement control experiment 1 (Exp. 1): coefficient of variation (CV; mean/SD) of the mean and root mean square (RMS) of the norm for acceleration in the horizontal plane in the right foot for 2 subjects over 5 walking trials with renewal of the sensor placement at each trial.

<p>Sensor-placement control experiment 2 (Exp. 2): CV over 9 walking trials (-20; -15; -10; -5; 0; 5; 10; 15; 20 mm) with displacement of the sensor in increments of 5 mm along the antero-posterior axis and medio-lateral axis in terms of the reference position. Values are in percentages.</p

Mean walking velocity as a function of the WOMAC index based osteoarthritis severity groups.

<p>The results are shown by a modulated grey cross: horizontal bar stands for mean and vertical bar stands for the standard deviation. Light grey represents the healthy participants, medium grey the moderately impaired group and dark grey the severely impaired group. Black horizontal bars show the statistical differences between the groups computed with an ANOVA analysis and a Tukey pairwise comparison test (p-value set at 0.05).</p