Within- and among-colony variation in non-breeding dispersion of Magellanic penguins breeding along the coast of Argentina

Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus are upper trophic level predators and play a key role within their marine ecosystems. However, we lack detailed understanding of their non-breeding distribution where they might be impacted by human threats and climate change. Using geolocator tracking devices deployed in 2021, we analyzed individual non-breeding movements, and differences in the spatial, environmental, and trophic niches of Magellanic penguins breeding along the Atlantic coast of Argentina. The results show that movement characteristics, including trip lengths and dispersal distance, were similar among individuals and across colonies. However, the temporal pattern, including the timing of arrival to the breeding sites, differed between colonies. During the non-breeding season, distributions showed considerable overlap between colonies, notably between individuals from the central and the northernmost breeding sites. Individuals from the northern and central colonies faced similar oceanographic features (i.e. sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a, salinity, depth) and used similar foraging niches while within the anchovy geographic domain. In contrast, individuals breeding farther south were feeding within the geographically distinct sprat domain. Our results indicate that Magellanic penguins breeding along the latitudinal range of Argentina express a broad variation in habitat use during the non-breeding period, and make use of a large proportion of the Patagonian Shelf. The latitudinal location of the breeding colony seems to define the trophic niche and where individuals move during the non-breeding season.</jats:p

Ferroelectric Capped Magnetization in Multiferroic PZT/LSMO Tunnel Junctions

Self-poled ultra-thin ferroelectric PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) (5 and 7 nm) films have been grown by pulsed laser deposition technique on ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) (30 nm) to check the effect of polar capping on magnetization for ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) devices. PZT/LSMO heterostructures with thick polar PZT (7 nm) capping show nearly 100% enhancement in magnetization compared with thin polar PZT (5 nm) films, probably due to excess hole transfer from the ferroelectric to the ferromagnetic layers. Core-level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed the presence of larger Mn 3s exchange splitting and higher Mn3+/Mn4+ ion ratio in the LMSO with 7 nm polar capping.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Global estimates of human papillomavirus vaccination coverage by region and income level: a pooled analysis

Background Since 2006, many countries have implemented publicly funded human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation programmes. However, global estimates of the extent and impact of vaccine coverage are still unavailable. We aimed to quantify worldwide cumulative coverage of publicly funded HPV immunisation programmes up to 2014, and the potential impact on future cervical cancer cases and deaths. Methods Between Nov 1 and Dec 22, 2014, we systematically reviewed PubMed, Scopus, and official websites to identify HPV immunisation programmes worldwide, and retrieved age-specific HPV vaccination coverage rates up to October, 2014. To estimate the coverage and number of vaccinated women, retrieved coverage rates were converted into birth-cohort-specific rates, with an imputation algorithm to impute missing data, and applied to global population estimates and cervical cancer projections by country and income level. Findings From June, 2006, to October, 2014, 64 countries nationally, four countries subnationally, and 12 overseas territories had implemented HPV immunisation programmes. An estimated 118 million women had been targeted through these programmes, but only 1% were from low-income or lower-middle-income countries. 47 million women (95% CI 39–55 million) received the full course of vaccine, representing a total population coverage of 1·4% (95% CI 1·1–1·6), and 59 million women (48–71 million) had received at least one dose, representing a total population coverage of 1·7% (1·4–2·1). In more developed regions, 33·6% (95% CI 25·9–41·7) of females aged 10–20 years received the full course of vaccine, compared with only 2·7% (1·8–3·6) of females in less developed regions. The impact of the vaccine will be higher in upper-middle-income countries (178 192 averted cases by age 75 years) than in high-income countries (165 033 averted cases), despite the lower number of vaccinated women (13·3 million vs 32·2 million). Interpretation Many women from high-income and upper-middle-income countries have been vaccinated against HPV. However, populations with the highest incidence and mortality of disease remain largely unprotected. Rapid roll-out of the vaccine in low-income and middle-income countries might be the only feasible way to narrow present inequalities in cervical cancer burden and prevention

Influencia de la irradiación en la calidad nutritiva del trigo y la merluza

Se estudia el efecto de la irradiación y tiempo de conservación sobre el valor nutritivo del trigo. La dosis de irradiación fue de 37,5 Krad. El tiempo transcurrido desde la fecha de recolección hasta ser sometido a irradiación fue de 150 días, y desde esta fecha hasta ser consumido por los animales pasaron 90 días. La determinación analítica química, se ha realizado a los 605 días de la recolección. Las técnicas seguidas para la valoración de la proteína han sido: una biológica, la de Thomas Mitchell, y otra analítica química, el aminograma, según la técnica de Moore-Stein. Para la determinación de hidratos de carbono disponibles se ha utilizado la técnica de Friedemann y col. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, llegamos a la conclusión de que desde el punto de vista nutritivo, la irradiación es un método adecuado de conservación de trigo, ya que no influye la calidad del mismo, juzgada por la disponibilidad de los hidratos de carbono y por la digestibilidad de la proteína. Por otra parte la irradiación disminuye pérdidas en aminoácidos durante el almacenamiento. Hemos estudiado también la influencia de la irradiación sobre el valor nutritivo de filetes de merluza (Merlucius merlucius). La dosis de irradiación fue de 100 Krad.; la experiencia biológica se realizó según la técnica ya citada de Thomas-Mitchell. Concluímos que la irradiación no influye significativamente sobre la digestibilidad ni la calidad nutritiva de la proteína de merluza.We have studied the effect of the irradiation and the time of conservation on nutritional value. The irradiation dose was of 37,5 Krad.; the time past from the date of harvest untill the irradiation was 150 days and from this date untill that was given to the animals past 90 days. The ana tic al determination was realized to 605 days after harvest. The Thomas Mitchell technique has been used in estimating its protein quality and that of Moore-Stein in determining the aminogram. The Friedeman and col., technique for the carbohidrates usable. According to results obtained we came to the conclusion that, from a nutritional point of view, irradiation is a suitable method for the preservation of wheat, because don't affect the quality of its self judged for the carbohydrates availability and for the protein digestibility. Furthermore, irradiation diminishes the loss of aminoacids during storage. Moreover, we have studied the influence of the irradiation on nutritional value of hake fillet (Merlucius merlucius). The irradiation dose was lOO. Krad.; the irradiation has no significant effects on the digestibility, neither the nutritive quality of have protein

Influencia de la nialamida sobre algunos parámetros metabólicos

Se estudia en ratas el metabolismo proteico bajo la influencia de la Nialamida (20, mg/100 g de dieta), inhibidor de la monoaminooxidasa. Los estudios confirman que la Nialamida produce un aumento en el catabolismo proteico que aunque no se hizo patente a nivel sérico, sin embargo a nivel urinario presenta un marcado aumento en los valores medios de aclaramiento de urea, ácido úrico y aún más notable de creatinina. No se ha encontrado efecto de la Nialamida sobre el metabolismo lipídico y glucídico en suero.The effets of Nialamide, a mono a inooxidase inhibitor, administration (20 mg/100 g in the diet) on protein metabolism, studied. The results obtained show that Nialamide increases protein catabolismo This fact, although it is not evident in the serum parameters measured, is deduced from the data of urea, uric acid and ICreatinine clearance. Effets of Nialamide on lipidic and glucidic metabolism have not been detected in serum

Importancia de la alimentación controlada a la par (Pair Fed) en algunos parámetros del metabolismo proteico y niveles séricos de triglicéridos y colesterol

The necessity to use a feeding at par (pair fed) to eliminate the factor intake when others variables are investigated, like in the case of influence of drug, has been studied in rats. Several parameters of the protein metabolism and serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, have been determined. The feeding at par (pair fed), front to "ad libitum" implies a reduction in the nitro gen absorption, and unsignificantly effect on its retention. No differences appear in nitrogen content into different organs. In relation the experimented biochemistry parameters as serum as urine its is found an increment of proteins, triglycerides and cholesterol in serum and a bigger urinary excretion of uric acid when the diet is suministrated "ad libitum" .Se estudia en ratas la necesidad de utilizar una alimentación controlada a la par (pair fed) para eliminar el factor ingesta cuando se investigan otras variables. Se determinan algunos parámetros del metabolismo protéico y niveles séricos de triglicéridos y colesterol. La alimentación controlada a la par (pair fed), frente "ad libitum" implica una reducción el absorción de nitrógeno, pero no afecta significativamente su retención. No aparecen diferencias en el contenido de nitrógeno en diferentes órganos. En relación a los parámetros bioquímicos experimentados, tanto en suero como en orina, se ha encontrado un incremento de proteinas, triglicéridos y colesterol en suero y una mayor excreción unrinaria de ácido úrico cuando la dieta es suministrada "ad libitum"

Importancia de la alimentación controlada a la par (Pair Fed) en algunos parámetros del metabolismo proteico y niveles séricos de triglicéridos y colesterol

The necessity to use a feeding at par (pair fed) to eliminate the factor intake when others variables are investigated, like in the case of influence of drug, has been studied in rats. Several parameters of the protein metabolism and serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, have been determined. The feeding at par (pair fed), front to "ad libitum" implies a reduction in the nitro gen absorption, and unsignificantly effect on its retention. No differences appear in nitrogen content into different organs. In relation the experimented biochemistry parameters as serum as urine&nbsp; its is found an increment of proteins, triglycerides and cholesterol in serum and a bigger urinary excretion of uric acid when the diet is suministrated "ad libitum" .Se estudia en ratas la necesidad de utilizar una alimentación controlada a la par (pair fed) para eliminar el factor ingesta cuando se investigan otras variables. Se determinan algunos parámetros del metabolismo protéico y niveles séricos de triglicéridos y colesterol. La alimentación controlada a la par (pair fed), frente ªad libitum" implica una reducción el absorción de nitrógeno, pero no afecta significativamente su retención. No aparecen diferencias en el contenido de nitrógeno en diferentes órganos. En relación a los parámetros bioquímicos experimentados, tanto en suero como en orina, se ha encontrado un incremento de proteinas, triglicéridos y colesterol en suero y una mayor excreción unrinaria de ácido úrico cuando la dieta es suministrada "ad libitum"

Importancia de la alimentación controlada a la par (Pair Fed) en algunos parámetros del metabolismo proteico y niveles séricos de triglicéridos y colesterol

Se estudia en ratas la necesidad de utilizar una alimentación controlada a la par (pair fed) para eliminar el factor ingesta cuando se investigan otras variables. Se determinan algunos parámetros del metabolismo protéico y niveles séricos de triglicéridos y colesterol. La alimentación controlada a la par (pair fed), frente "ad libitum" implica una reducción el absorción de nitrógeno, pero no afecta significativamente su retención. No aparecen diferencias en el contenido de nitrógeno en diferentes órganos. En relación a los parámetros bioquímicos experimentados, tanto en suero como en orina, se ha encontrado un incremento de proteinas, triglicéridos y colesterol en suero y una mayor excreción unrinaria de ácido úrico cuando la dieta es suministrada "ad libitum".The necessity to use a feeding at par (pair fed) to eliminate the factor intake when others variables are investigated, like in the case of influence of drug, has been studied in rats. Several parameters of the protein metabolism and serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, have been determined. The feeding at par (pair fed), front to lOad libitum" implies a reduction in the nitro gen absorption, and unsignificantly effect on its retention. No differences appear in nitrogen content into different organs. In relation the experimented biochemistry parameters. as serum as urine. its is found an increment of proteins, triglycerides and cholesterol in serum and a bigger urinary excretion of uric acid when the diet is suministrated lOad libitum"

Generación morfológica digital en arquitectura: diseño paramétrico y algoritmos evolucionistas

This paper presents results obtained from a research project development carried out in the Design Systems Laboratory, FAU-UNT. This research was oriented to establish techniques and procedures for the production of potentially architectural 3D objects, during conceptual stage. Objects with different scales, feasible to accept architecture, were studied. For their generation, visual programming environments oriented to parametric design, were applied. Parameters, as genomes, were put to work in an "evolutionary algorithm" environment with the purpose to obtain architectural design applications, emulating biological evolutions. The main procedure consists in testing quantitative and qualitative parameters that define each object, until an expected architectural result is reached. Some results obtained are shown.Este trabajo presenta algunos resultados finales obtenidos a partir del desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo en el Laboratorio de Sistemas de Diseño de la FAU-UNT. La investigación estuvo orientada a establecer técnicas y procedimientos para la producción de objetos 3D potencialmente arquitectónicos durante la etapa de “Concepción Arquitectónica”. En esta presentación se consideran objetos, de diferentes escalas, factibles de aceptar arquitectura y que fueron estudiados y generados en entornos de programación visual orientado al diseño paramétrico, un nuevo paradigma de diseño donde se establecen relaciones entre los partes que definen a un objeto como un todo. Los parámetros de los objetos en estudio fueron puestos a funcionar, a modo de genomas, en un entorno generativo del tipo “algoritmo evolucionista”, rama de la inteligencia artificial que usa métodos de optimización y búsqueda de soluciones basados en los postulados de la evolución biológica aplicado al diseño. A partir de los parámetros que definen a cada objeto, se procede a su evolución hasta alcanzar el propósito buscado. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron evaluar su utilidad y aplicación en entornos de diseños digitales en etapas tempranas de la concepción arquitectónica. La generación automática, aleatoria y dirigida permitió incentivar la creatividad y evaluación de casos impensados. Se muestran algunos resultados obtenidos.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Unipolar resistive switching in planar Pt/BiFeO3/Pt structure

This work was supported by the NASA EPSCoR Grant # NNX13AB22A. Financial support to various researchers from IFN-NSF grant # EPS 1002410 (RSK, DB, YS and BRW) is gratefully acknowledged. S. K. is thankful to UGC, India for a Raman fellowship under Indo-US 21st century knowledge initiatives (No:5-53/2013(I.C)).We report unipolar resistive switching suitable for nonvolatile memory applications in polycrystalline BiFeO3 thin films in planar electrode configuration with non-overlapping Set and Reset voltages, On/Off resistance ratio of similar to 10(4) and good data retention (verified for up to 3,000 s). We have also observed photovoltaic response in both high and low resistance states, where the photocurrent density was about three orders of magnitude higher in the low resistance state as compared to the high resistance state at an illumination power density of similar to 100 mW/cm(2). Resistive switching mechanisms in both resistance states of the planar device can be explained by using the conduction filament (thermo-chemical) model. (C) 2015 Author(s).Publisher PDFPeer reviewe