La sexualité à l’ère numérique : les adolescents et le sexting

Bien que la recherche commence à s’intéresser au sexting par rapport aux taux de prévalence et que des campagnes de prévention aient été créées pour cette problématique, des recherches plus approfondies sont nécessaires afin de comprendre tous les enjeux entourant la pratique chez les jeunes, particulièrement lorsqu’elle entraine des conséquences négatives. Nos questions de recherche sont les suivantes : Quelles sont les différents éléments qui définissent le sexting du point de vue des jeunes, des parents et des enseignants ? Quelle est la définition du sexting ? Quelles sont les raisons qui peuvent motiver une personne à pratiquer le sexting (en termes d’envoi et de réception) mais aussi à transférer le contenu à d’autres personnes ? Quels sont les risques, conséquences et réactions possibles, notamment en termes de jugement ? Est-ce que la prévention relative au sexting est utile ? Que pourrait-on faire pour prévenir

Adolescent behavioural risk screening in primary care: physician's point of view.

Despite regular consultation between adolescents/young adults (AYA) and their physicians, they are not regularly screened for psychosocial risk behaviours. This study examines physicians' self-reported psychosocial risk behaviour screening in AYA. It aims to highlight which elements hinder or improve screening abilities. The design was a cross-sectional quantitative survey. Data were obtained through a self-reported questionnaire sent out to primary care physicians (PCP) in Switzerland in 2018. The target population consisted of 1,824 PCP (29% response rate). Participants were asked whether they screened youths from 3 age groups [10-14 y/o, 15-20 y/o, and 21-25y/o] for the HEEADSSS items during child well visits and routine checkups. Barriers to screening included primary consultation motive prioritization, insufficient time, patient compliance, reimbursement, lack of skills related to adolescent health, lack of referral options. Data were analysed first through a bivariate analysis using Chi-square tests then through a multinomial logistic regression. The majority of physicians partook in preventive screening for 3-5 psychosocial risk elements. They reported the primary consultation motive as well as a lack of available time as having a high impact on their screening habits. Physician's experience and having discussed confidentiality were related to an increase in the number of topics addressed. Confidentiality remained a significant variable throughout all analyses. Barriers such as lack of consultation time and prioritization issues were found by physicians to be critical but did not hinder screening habits. The main element impacting screening habits was assuring confidentiality and the second is self-efficacy

Is vulnerability associated with substance use? A study among youth in Switzerland.

Adolescence is a period of exploration and experimentation that includes risk behaviors such as substance use. Adolescents living in a situation of vulnerability could be more prone to using substances. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the level of vulnerability and substance use considering explanatory factors. Data were obtained from the first wave of the GenerationFRee project (http://www.generationfree.ch), a longitudinal study based on data collected yearly between 2014 and 2019 on youth aged 15-24 years in high schools and professional schools. The sample included 5179 participants. We designated four risk behaviors: current tobacco smoking, alcohol misuse, cannabis use, and other illegal drug use. We defined vulnerability based on three criteria: the relationship with parents, school performance, and the family socioeconomic status (SES). According to this definition, participants were divided into three groups: no vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, and high vulnerability. Each substance was compared by vulnerability level and controlled with explanatory factors such as age, gender, perceived health, emotional well-being, academic track, nationality, living with parents, residence, family structure, money earned, and perceived personal financial situation. The results show that all substances except alcohol misuse are associated with vulnerability at the bivariate level. All the explanatory factors were also significant with the exception of academic track and amount of money earned per month. In the multinomial regression, for the moderate- and high-vulnerability groups, cannabis use was the only behavior that remained significant. In conclusion, this study shows the association between level of vulnerability and substance use, especially cannabis use. The results also demonstrate the complexity around vulnerability and how the interaction with social aspects influences vulnerability. Youths presenting familial, educational, or financial problems need to be especially screened for substance use by healthcare providers

Losing your virginity safely? A Swiss national survey.

Good practice and knowledge in terms of contraception at first sexual intercourse may lead adolescents to a safer sexual life. To date, research studies have mostly focused on women when investigating contraception use or on condom use only when addressing both genders. The present study adds to the current knowledge by offering a more in-depth view of contraception use at first intercourse among youths. This is achieved through a large selection of variables, the fact that we address both males and females and that we have considered a wide range of contraceptive means. To determine the rate of contraception use at first intercourse by youth in Switzerland and its association with social and personal characteristics. Data were obtained from a self-administrated national survey on sexual behaviour among young adults (mean age 26 years). Participants (n = 4036) were divided into three groups based on the means of contraception used at first intercourse: condom, with or without contraceptive (86.4%), contraceptive only (8.3%) and non-use (5.3%). Only 5.3% did not use any contraception. Compared with the condom group, individuals in the non-use group were more likely to report a lower family socioeconomic status, to be foreign born, to have foreign-born parents, to have a non-intact family and to live in a Catholic canton. They were also more likely to have had their first intercourse in the context of a casual relationship, to have been intoxicated at the time and more likely to regret it. Participants in the contraceptive group reported a higher family socioeconomic status, had intact families, did not live in Catholic cantons, were older and in a steady relationship at first intercourse. Contraception is generally used at first intercourse in Switzerland. Improvements can still be made concerning contraception use in the most vulnerable social strata such as low income families or foreign status

Living With a Chronic Condition and Risk Behaviors

Purpose: To assess whether living with a chronic condition (CC) is associated with risk behaviors among youths. Methods: Data were drawn from the baseline wave (2014-15; N¼5179) of the GenerationFRee survey, a longitudinal study among post-mandatory youths aged 15-24 years in Fribourg, Switzerland. Students were divided into three groups depending on whether they reported having a CC or not: healthy controls (no CC: N¼4529; 46.2% females), CC without limitation (CCWL: N¼536; 52.6% females) and CC limiting daily activities (CCLDA: N¼114; 58.9% females). At the bivariate level groups were compared on sociodemographic data and six risk behaviors (current smoking; current (at least once in the past 30 days) alcohol misuse, cannabis use and use of other illegal drugs; violent behavior and antisocial behavior at least once in the past 12 months). In a second step, a multinomial logistic regression was conducted including all variables significant at the .05 level. Results are given as Relative Risk Ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence intervals

La prévention et le sexting : un état des lieux

Le développement social et relationnel des adolescent-e-s et des jeunes adultes s’effectue aujourd’hui avec celui d’Internet et des nouvelles technologies. Dans ce contexte, les interactions et la transmission d’informations numériques sont facilitées et peu restreintes, ce qui peut mener à un certain nombre d’enjeux en termes d’usage des technologies et de gestion de l’image numérique. Le sexting fait partie de ces problématiques. Cette pratique pouvant, de manière générale, se définir comme l’échange électronique de matériel personnel à caractère sexuel ou intime, peut parfois mener à des situations dramatiques lorsque, par exemple, le contenu d’un message est transféré sans consentement à d’autres personnes. Après avoir mené une première recherche exploratoire qualitative sur la pratique du sexting chez les jeunes, la thématique de la prévention relative au sexting s’est avérée particulièrement intéressante à approfondir. En effet, très peu de jeunes ont rapporté se rappeler de messages ou campagnes de prévention autour du sexting spécifiquement. Au vu de ces résultats, nous avons considéré qu’il était essentiel d’établir un état des lieux de l’offre préventive sur la thématique du sexting, plus particulièrement dans le canton de Vaud, afin de vérifier les dires de certains jeunes sur le manque d’intervention et de discussion sur le sexting et ses possibles dérives. A travers cet état des lieux et ce rapport, nous proposons donc un catalogue permettant de répertorier et d’offrir une vue d’ensemble des différents acteurs-trices et ressources à disposition dans le cadre de la prévention relative à la pratique du sexting auprès des jeunes

Disordered Eating: The Young Male Side.

Disordered eating (DE) is known to predominate among girls, and historically studies have focused primarily on them. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the characteristics of adolescent and young adult males at risk of DE. Participants (N = 2269; 15-24 years) in a study assessing their lifestyle were divided into two groups based on the SCOFF five-question screening tool: a SCOFF[+] group for participants at risk of disordered eating, and a SCOFF[-] group for everyone else. SCOFF[+] participants were more likely to be overweight and obese; have a lower socio-economic status and non-Swiss parents; experience weight issues; and report a chronic condition, poorer emotional well-being and a less positive attitude towards life. With 10% of males at risk of DE, clinicians should be aware of their specific characteristics, which should be considered red flags. DE is no longer a female-specific issue

Daily internet time: towards an evidence-based recommendation?

Since 2001, a recommendation of no more than 2 h per day of screen time for children 2 years of age or older was adopted in many countries. However, this recommendation was rarely examined empirically. The goal of the present study was to question this recommendation in today's connected world. We used data from the [email protected] survey (spring 2012), a representative sample of 8th graders in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland (n = 2942, 50.6% female). Internet use, health outcomes, substance use, well-being and socio-demographic characteristics were considered. Bi-variate statistical analyses were performed. All outcomes were significantly associated with the time spent on internet, more time being associated with a higher prevalence of adverse consequences. Youth spending on average one more hour on Internet per day than the reference category (1.5-2.5 h) did not differ in terms of adverse health outcomes. Differences began to appear on sleeping problems, tobacco use, alcohol misuse, cannabis use and sport inactivity with youth spending between 3.5 h and 4.5 h per day on internet. This study demonstrates the absence of justification for setting a limit to only 2 h of screen time per day. Significant effects on health seem to appear only beyond 4 h per day and there may be benefits for those who spend less than an hour and a half on internet

Youths and poor emotional wellbeing: is it just a matter of stress? A longitudinal survey.

To date, research on emotional wellbeing among youths has been mostly based on cross-sectional studies, and little is known about its evolution over time. Our study adds a longitudinal approach to emotional wellbeing and defines different groups of youths according to their evolution over a two-year period. Stress and perceived health status seem to be the most important factors related to emotional wellbeing. Our research shows the importance of health care professionals exploring psychological health, especially when a youth has atypical somatic complaints. This could allow the early detection of psychological problems and the provision of proper timely treatment. To assess how emotional wellbeing evolves over a two-year period among youths in Switzerland, and to assess their characteristics. Data were obtained from the first and third waves of the GenerationFRee study (n = 1311, aged 15–24 at baseline). The sample was divided into four groups according to the evolution of their emotional wellbeing (WB): good at both waves (GoodWB: 67.9%), poor at T1 and good at T3 (BetterWB: 8.4%), good at T1 and poor at T3 (WorseWB: 13.2%), or poor at both waves (PoorWB: 10.4%). Significant variables at the bivariate level were included in a multinomial regression analysis using GoodWB as the reference category. Results are given as relative risk ratios (RRRs). The BetterWB group reported more stress at T1 (RRR 1.34), as did the WorseWB group at T3 (1.43). Those in the WorseWB group were more likely to report poorer health status at T3 (6.51). Finally, the PoorWB group reported more stress at T1 (1.33) and T3 (1.44), and poorer health status at T1 (9.39) and T3 (5.75). Other variables not significant in all groups were perceived onset of puberty, having a chronic condition, area of residence and relationships with parents. Using a longitudinal approach, stress and perceived health status seem to be the main factors that change with emotional wellbeing among youths. Inquiring about stress could be a good proxy for emotional wellbeing, especially among males, who tend to underestimate their emotional worries

GenerationFRee : Rapport final de l’étude longitudinale sur la problématique des jeux d’argent chez les jeunes (15-24 ans) du canton de Fribourg.

Ce rapport concerne l’étude longitudinale appelée GenerationFRee qui s’est tenue de l’année scolaire 2014-2015 à l’année scolaire 2018-2019 dans le canton de Fribourg, soit 5 années de récolte de données. Dans ce rapport, nous focalisons surtout sur l’évolution des pratiques quant aux jeux d’argent et à l’endettement, mais nous présentons les données longitudinales sur plusieurs thématiques telles que la consommation de substance et les comportements à risque. En plus de ces données, nous avons également organisé un groupe focus (groupe de discussion) avec une dizaine de jeunes qui n’ont pas participé à l’étude pour récolter leur opinion sur nos résultats. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous avons utilisé le South Oaks Gambling Screen – Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA), un instrument pour détecter le jeu excessif parmi les jeunes. Les répondants étaient répartis entre non joueurs (pas joué au cours des 12 derniers mois), joueurs non problématiques (score du SOGS de 0 à 1 pour les 12 questions), joueurs à risque (score de 2 ou 3) et joueurs problématiques (score de 4 ou plus)