Auditor selection of negotiation strategies : the effect of motivational factors and bargaining power under a throughput model

Motivational factors and bargaining power have been recognized by scholars and practitioners alike, as important elements for negotiation strategies. However, there has been little effort to date to empirically or theoretically study the effect of these factors in the context of auditor-client negotiation while adopting a decision-making process framework. We present a Throughput Model framework that describes the decision-making process of auditors when they make decisions about negotiation strategies. The model depicts how (a) perception of motivational factors and (b) bargaining power affect the choice of negotiation strategy and identifies different pathways auditors use in their decision about negotiation strategies.In our experiment, we manipulate engagement risk perception, client pressure, corporate mechanisms strength as well as financial information. We. investigate their effects on auditor decision making about the likelihood of accepting client's management alternative and on the negotiation strategies choice. We find that only engagement risk perception influences auditor's propensity to accept aggressive accounting treatments of the client. This in turn influences the use of all the negotiation strategies. On the other hand, client pressure only has effect on compromising strategies while bargaining power influences the concessionary strategy of auditors. Moreover, two dominant decision making pathways are used by auditors, i.e. P→J→D and P→D

Asymmetric effects of geopolitical risks and uncertainties on green bond markets

This paper examines the asymmetric effects of the United States Economic Policy Uncertainty (USEPU), Geopolitical Threats (GPRT), Geopolitical Acts (GPRA), and the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil on Green Bond returns. Our study analyses USEPU, GPRT, GPRA, WTI, and Green Bond monthly data from September 2012 to August 2022. By applying the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) model, our empirical evidence shows that in the short run, the return on green bonds is negatively affected by an increase in USEPU and GPRA positively affected by an increase in GPRT and WTI. In the long run, the return on green bonds is negatively affected by an increase in USEPU, GPRA, and GPRT but positively affected by WTI. Considering the climate crisis, looking at these findings in the context of green bonds is essential to entice green investments. Policymakers should use our results for a policy design to mitigate green bond market volatility caused by external uncertainties and risks. Furthermore, we conclude that uncertainties should be considered when investing in green bonds and managing investment portfolios