Calcoli statici e simulazioni dinamiche del traffico sul tratto Firenze - Lastra a Signa della SGC FIPILI

Lo studio nasce dall'esigenza di fornire uno schema procedurale di analisi del traffico che permetta non solo l’inserimento al suo interno di nuove tecnologie simulative dinamiche, ma che ne permetta inoltre la comparazione con le procedure statiche di verifica esistenti. L’analisi viene applicata al tratto di strada di grande comunicazione FiPiLi compreso tra lo svincolo di Lastra a Signa ed il raccordo con l’Autostrada del Sole; in particolare sarà valutato lo stato attuale della rete e saranno dunque proposte tre soluzioni progettuali denominate scenario 0,1,2,3

"Farmacogenetica quale strumento della farmacovigilanza per la predittività delle reazioni avverse da farmaci"

Senza dubbio le reazioni avverse da farmaci rappresentano un problema clinico rilevante, circa il 6,5% dei ricoveri ospedalieri è correlato con una reazione avversa. Scopo di questa mia tesi è trovare un metodo che ci permetta di predire le reazioni avverse da farmaci, per fare questo occorre: -evidenziare la grande variabilità individuale di risposta ai farmaci e capire a che cosa è dovuta -stabilito che la chiave di questa diversità si è individuata nei geni che codificano per le proteine che metabolizzano i farmaci e soprattutto nei polimorfismi -si tratta di capire cosa sono i polimorfismi -spiegare come un gene polimorfico possa essere responsabile della diversa risposta ai farmaci -conoscere i polimorfismi per predire le reazioni avverse comuni o rare che siano -analizzare la proposta di Allen Roses che inserisce la farmacogenetica nello sviluppo dei farmaci per ottenere uno sviluppo in tempi minori ed una riduzione degli effetti collaterali fino ad arrivare alla predittività delle reazioni avverse. L’obiettivo essenziale dovrebbe essere identificare, per tutti i farmaci, i fattori genetici associati alle reazioni avverse, incorporando la farmacogenetica nella farmacovigilanza. La farmacogenetica oltre ad essere la disciplina che porterà a personalizzare la terapia farmacologica fino al punto di prescriverla solo a chi potrà solo beneficiarne ha altri potenziali vantaggi come dare impulso al processo di ricerca e sviluppo di un farmaco inserendo valutazioni di farmacogenetica sin dalle prime fasi della sperimentazione ed inoltre, trovando applicazione nella farmacovigilanza, permetterà di predire gli effetti collaterali gravi, comuni e rari che siano. No doubt the adverse drug reactions are a significant clinical problem, about 6.5% of hospital admissions are related to an adverse reaction. The aim of this thesis is to find a method that allows us to predict adverse drug reactions, to do this you must: -Highlight the great variability of individual response to drugs and to understand that  what is the reason -Established that the key to this diversity has been identified in the genes coding for proteins that metabolize drugs and especially in the polymorphisms -Is to understand what are the polymorphisms -Explain how a polymorphic gene may be responsible the different response to drugs -Know polymorphisms to predict adverse drug reactions that are common or rare -Analyze the proposal of Allen Roses, which inserts the pharmacogenetics in drug development for development in less time and a reduction of the effects side up to the prediction of adverse reactions. The main objective should be to identify, for all drugs, genetic factors associated with adverse reactions, incorporating pharmacogenetics in pharmacovigilance. Pharmacogenetics in addition to being the discipline that will lead to personalize drug therapy to the point of prescribing only those who can only benefit has other potential benefits such as giving impetus to research and drug development by including pharmacogenetic assessments from the early stages of trial and also finding application in pharmacovigilance, will predict the serious side effects, common or rare they are

Re-designing Certaldo

Analisi urbanistico-architettonica delle criticitá e redazione di un Masterplan di riqualificazione del centro urban

“NEWS ON AIR!” - AIR SURVEILLANCE REPORT FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

ABSTRACTBackground: The role of airborne microorganisms in the nosocomial infections is debatable since past. Very limited and inconclusive data availableabout the contribution of the air microflora, especially the multidrug resistant (MDR) one, to the hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive CareUnits (ICUs).Objective: To analyze the microbial population and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the indoor air in relation to the nosocomial infectionsin the different ICUs at different periods in the tertiary care hospital.Methods: Microbial monitoring of the air was performed in 5 different ICUs for 1 year by passive sampling method.Results: A total of 221 air samples were collected for 1 year from five different ICUs. 92.53% were Gram-positive bacteria and 8.11% were Gramnegativebacteria. Staphylococcus spp. (34.21%) and Acinetobacter spp. (63.04%) were the most common isolated bacteria among Gram-positiveand Gram-negative organisms, respectively, and among the fungal isolates, all of them were Aspergillus spp. (5.84%) from the air sample. Ventilatorassociatedpneumonia was the most common nosocomial infection and Acinetobacter spp. was the frequently isolated MDR organism.Conclusion: Air could be the major source of nosocomial infections by MDR Gram-negative organisms in the ICUs which require special attention andsurveillance.Keywords: Air sampling, Intensive Care Units, Multidrug-resistant organisms, Nosocomial infection

Rapid and reliable identification of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive cocci by deposition of bacteria harvested from blood cultures onto the MALDI-TOF plate

BACKGROUND: Rapid identification of the causative agent(s) of bloodstream infections using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) methodology can lead to increased empirical antimicrobial therapy appropriateness. Herein, we aimed at establishing an easier and simpler method, further referred to as the direct method, using bacteria harvested by serum separator tubes from positive blood cultures and placed onto the polished steel target plate for rapid identification by MALDI-TOF. The results by the direct method were compared with those obtained by MALDI-TOF on bacteria isolated on solid media. RESULTS: Identification of Gram-negative bacilli was 100 % concordant using the direct method or MALDI-TOF on isolated bacteria (96 % with score > 2.0). These two methods were 90 % concordant on Gram-positive cocci (32 % with score > 2.0). Identification by the SepsiTyper method of Gram-positive cocci gave concordant results with MALDI-TOF on isolated bacteria in 87 % of cases (37 % with score > 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: The direct method herein developed allows rapid identification (within 30 min) of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive cocci from positive blood cultures and can be used to rapidly report reliable and accurate results, without requiring skilled personnel or the use of expensive kits

FILMS WITH NINE LAYERS COEXTRUSION TECNOLOGY, THE NEW CHALLENGE FOR FOOD PACKAGING

In the last years the way to buy food products has changed and we observe that the needs of consumers are changing too with the time. Food products packaging in the Supermarkets is showing more and more attention for the appeal, shelf life and smaller sizes of ready-to-use food products. In order to follow this important market change, all the companies producing food packaging must develop new solutions according to this trend. Termoplast, always been working to satisfy the market requirements; in the last years, thanks to the nine layers blown coextrusion technology, it made available the best flexibility in new packaging design. In this way we have developed new polyethylene barrier film with enhanced performance and we named it SUPER PF film

Diagnosis of bloodstream infections by mass spectrometry : present and future

Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the causative agent(s) of bloodstream infections may impact on the clinical outcome of patients, which is directly related to the prompt administration of an effective antimicrobial therapy. Empirical antimicrobial therapy is chosen on the basis of clinical and epidemiological data and it is administered immediately after blood sampling but, in a significant number of cases, it has to be streamlined on the basis of the microbiological report. Rapid identification has a clinically relevant impact on the timely selection of an appropriate antimicrobial therapy, especially in low-prevalence areas for antimicrobial resistance. Recently, the identification process of isolated bacteria has been revolutionized by the introduction of mass spectrometry (MS), particularly MALDI-TOF, in clinical microbiology laboratories. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF is one of the most promising techniques for the identification of bacterial and fungal infectious agents directly from positive blood cultures and a potentially useful tool for the detection of antimicrobial resistance, specifically that conferred by -lactamases. Although blood culture remains, at present, the gold standard to diagnose bloodstream infections, newly developed MALDI-TOF methods are useful adjunctive tests to fasten the diagnostic process and further increase the diagnostic yield