Array processor architecture connection network

A connection network is disclosed for use between a parallel array of processors and a parallel array of memory modules for establishing non-conflicting data communications paths between requested memory modules and requesting processors. The connection network includes a plurality of switching elements interposed between the processor array and the memory modules array in an Omega networking architecture. Each switching element includes a first and a second processor side port, a first and a second memory module side port, and control logic circuitry for providing data connections between the first and second processor ports and the first and second memory module ports. The control logic circuitry includes strobe logic for examining data arriving at the first and the second processor ports to indicate when the data arriving is requesting data from a requesting processor to a requested memory module. Further, connection circuitry is associated with the strobe logic for examining requesting data arriving at the first and the second processor ports for providing a data connection therefrom to the first and the second memory module ports in response thereto when the data connection so provided does not conflict with a pre-established data connection currently in use

Array processor architecture

A high speed parallel array data processing architecture fashioned under a computational envelope approach includes a data base memory for secondary storage of programs and data, and a plurality of memory modules interconnected to a plurality of processing modules by a connection network of the Omega gender. Programs and data are fed from the data base memory to the plurality of memory modules and from hence the programs are fed through the connection network to the array of processors (one copy of each program for each processor). Execution of the programs occur with the processors operating normally quite independently of each other in a multiprocessing fashion. For data dependent operations and other suitable operations, all processors are instructed to finish one given task or program branch before all are instructed to proceed in parallel processing fashion on the next instruction. Even when functioning in the parallel processing mode however, the processors are not locked-step but execute their own copy of the program individually unless or until another overall processor array synchronization instruction is issued

Warm Saturns: On the Nature of Rings around Extrasolar Planets that Reside Inside the Ice Line

We discuss the nature of rings that may exist around extrasolar planets. Taking the general properties of rings around the gas giants in the Solar System, we infer the likely properties of rings around exoplanets that reside inside the ice line. Due to their proximity to their host star, rings around such exoplanets must primarily consist of rocky materials. However, we find that despite the higher densities of rock compared to ice, most of the observed extrasolar planets with reliable radii measurements have sufficiently large Roche radii to support rings. For the currently known transiting extrasolar planets, Poynting-Robertson drag is not effective in significantly altering the dynamics of individual ring particles over a time span of $10^8$ years provided that they exceed about 1 m in size. In addition, we show that significantly smaller ring particles can exist in optically thick rings, for which we find typical ring lifetimes ranging from a few times $10^6$ to a few times $10^9$ years. Most interestingly, we find that many of the rings could have nontrivial Laplacian planes due to the increased effects of the orbital quadrupole caused by the exoplanets' proximity to their host star, allowing a constraint on the $J_2$ of extrasolar planets from ring observations. This is particular exciting, since a planet's $J_2$ reveals information about its interior structure. Furthermore, measurements of an exoplanet's oblateness and of its $J_2$, from warped rings, would together place limits on its spin period. Based on the constraints that we have derived for extrasolar rings, we anticipate that the best candidates for ring detections will come from transit observations by the Kepler spacecraft of extrasolar planets with semi-major axes $\sim 0.1$ AU and larger.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Gluonic charmonium resonances at BaBar and Belle?

We confront predictions for hybrid charmonium and other gluonic excitations in the charm region with recently observed structures in the mass range above 3 GeV. The Y(4260), if resonant, is found to agree with expectations for hybrid charmonium. The possibility that other gluonic excitations may be influencing the data in this region is discussed.Comment: 13 pages, LaTe

Structure and triclustering in Ba-Al-O glass

Glass-forming ability in the (BaO) x(Al 2O 3) 1-x system (0≤x≤1) was investigated by using the containerless aerodynamic levitation and laser-heating method. The main glass-forming region was found to occur for 0.40(2) ≤x≤ 0.48(2), where there is insufficient oxygen to form an ideal network of corner-sharing AlO 4 tetrahedra in which the oxygen atoms are twofold coordinated, with another narrow glass-forming region at x = 0.62(2) around the eutectic composition. The glass corresponding to x = 0.4 was chosen for further investigation by using both neutron and x-ray diffraction, and a detailed atomistic model was built by applying a combination of molecular dynamics and reverse Monte Carlo methods. The results show a network structure based predominantly on corner-sharing tetrahedral AlO 4 motifs in which triclusters (OAl 3 units formed by three tetrahedral Al atoms sharing a common vertex) play an integral part, with as many as 21% of the oxygen atoms involved in these configurations. The barium ions bind to an average of 7.4 O atoms, most of which are twofold-coordinated bridging oxygen atoms. The larger size of barium compared to calcium narrows the range of glass-forming compositions in alkaline-earth aluminates such that the main glass-forming range corresponds to a regime in which an oxygen-deficient Al-O network is stabilized by the formation of triclusters

A Transgenic Mouse Line Expressing Cre Recombinase in Undifferentiated Postmitotic Mouse Retinal Bipolar Cell Precursors

Approaches for manipulating cell type-specific gene expression during development depend on the identification of novel genetic tools. Here, we report the generation of a transgenic mouse line that utilizes Vsx2 upstream sequences to direct Cre recombinase to developing retinal bipolar cells. In contrast to the endogenous Vsx2 expression pattern, transgene expression was not detected in proliferating retinal progenitor cells and was restricted to post-mitotic bipolar cells. Cre immunolabeling was detected in rod bipolar cells and a subset of ON and OFF cone bipolar cells. Expression was first observed at postnatal day 3 and was detectable between 24 hours and 36 hours after the last S-phase of the cell cycle. The appearance of Cre-immunolabeled cells preceded the expression of bipolar cell type-specific markers such as PKCα and Cabp5 suggesting that transgene expression is initiated prior to terminal differentiation. In the presence of a constitutive conditional reporter transgene, reporter fluorescence was detected in Cre-expressing bipolar cells in the mature retina as expected, but was also observed in Cre-negative Type 2 bipolar cells and occasionally in Cre-negative photoreceptor cells. Together these findings reveal a new transgenic tool for directing gene expression to post-mitotic retinal precursors that are mostly committed to a bipolar cell fate

Constructing Hybrid Baryons with Flux Tubes

Hybrid baryon states are described in quark potential models as having explicit excitation of the gluon degrees of freedom. Such states are described in a model motivated by the strong coupling limit of Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory, where three flux tubes meeting at a junction play the role of the glue. The adiabatic approximation for the quark motion is used, and the flux tubes and junction are modeled by beads which are attracted to each other and the quarks by a linear potential, and vibrate in various string modes. Quantum numbers and estimates of the energies of the lightest hybrid baryons are provided.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX. Submitted to Physical Review Letter

Noninvasive assessment of the lung inflammation-fibrosis axis by targeted imaging of CMKLR1

Precision management of fibrotic lung diseases is challenging due to their diverse clinical trajectories and lack of reliable biomarkers for risk stratification and therapeutic monitoring. Here, we validated the accuracy of CMKLR1 as an imaging biomarker of the lung inflammation-fibrosis axis. By analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, we demonstrate

The D*0 D0bar threshold resonance

Tests are discussed to distinguish c cbar, hybrid charmonium and molecular interpretations of the narrow Belle resonance at 3872 MeV.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX. Details about pi exchange in molecule adde