In vitro propagation of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) from fragmented shoot apices

A method is described for the in vitro propagation of grapevine from fragmented shoot apices, which has the potential to produce approximately 8000 plantlets from a single apex within 4 months. Apical cell clumps were grown in a liquid culture medium with cytokinin but in the absence of auxin. Transfer of the differentiated cell clumps to the same medium gelled with agar resulted in shoot masses which could be repeatedly subcultured. Excised shoots rooted readily on a hormone-free basal medium, and were successfully transferred to glasshouse conditions. This method has potential value in commercial clonal grapevine propagation.In-vitro-Vermehrung der Rebe (Vitis vinifera L.) aus zerstückelten TriebspitzenEine Methode für die in-vitro-Vermehrung der Rebe aus zerstückelten Triebspitzen wird beschrieben. Zellklumpen der Triebspitze wurden auf einem flüssigen Medium, das Cytokinin, aber kein Auxin enthielt, kultiviert. Nach Übertragung der differenzierten Zellklumpen auf ein mit Agar verfestigtes, aber sonst gleich zusammengesetztes Medium entstanden Büschel von Trieben, die zerteilt und weiter vermehrt werden konnten. Explantierte Einzeltriebe bewurzelten sich auf einem hormonfreien Grundmedium rasch

Ploidy stability in grapevines following long term storage in vitro

A modified method to prepare root tip squashes was used for the routine examination of chromosomes of grapevines developed from in vitro shoot cultures. The results established that adventitious buds obtained by culture of fragmented shoot apices were diploid, and that storage at 9.5 °C of multiple shoot cultures of eight Vitis genotypes for periods up to 12 months did not affect the ploidy level of plants regenerated from them

Roles of leaf in regulation of root and shoot growth from single node softwood cuttings of grape ( Vitis vinifera )

The role of leaf in regulation of root and shoot growths in single node softwood cuttings of grape ( Vitis vinifera ) was characterised. Leafy cuttings showed early rooting, vigorous root growth and subsequent shoot development. Defoliation at planting induced early sprouting, but adversely affected rooting and decreased the survival of cuttings irrespective of pre-planting treatment with 100 ΜM indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). Treatment with IAA did not affect the percent rooting of leafy cuttings but increased root and shoot growth. Leaf weight (wt) and leaf area of the cuttings showed a highly significant correlation to root wt of the new plant at 4 wk after planting, while cutting stem + petiole wt was either not or less significantly correlated to root and shoot weights of the subsequent plant. The greater the area or wt of leaf, the better the root and shoot growths, implying that leaf contributed to adventitious root growth. However, retaining the leaf for just 2 days was enough to stimulate rooting in more than 80% of the cuttings, suggesting that leaf tissue could also induce root formation. Root growth increased with the period of leaf retention but leaf removal before 3 wk triggered sprouting leading to high mortality in rooted cuttings. Bringing the leaf closer to the rooting zone by preparing leaf at base (LAB) cuttings delayed rooting and sprouting compared with the standard leaf at top (LAT) cuttings. An inhibitory effect on rooting and sprouting by the exposed upper internode region in LAB cuttings is suggested.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65538/1/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00313.x.pd

Bacillus cereus Spores Release Alanine that Synergizes with Inosine to Promote Germination

spores germinate in the presence of a single germinant, inosine, yet with a significant lag period. spores. spores appear to have developed a unique quorum-sensing feedback mechanism to monitor spore density and to coordinate germination

Metabolic constituents of grapevine and grape-derived products

The numerous uses of the grapevine fruit, especially for wine and beverages, have made it one of the most important plants worldwide. The phytochemistry of grapevine is rich in a wide range of compounds. Many of them are renowned for their numerous medicinal uses. The production of grapevine metabolites is highly conditioned by many factors like environment or pathogen attack. Some grapevine phytoalexins have gained a great deal of attention due to their antimicrobial activities, being also involved in the induction of resistance in grapevine against those pathogens. Meanwhile grapevine biotechnology is still evolving, thanks to the technological advance of modern science, and biotechnologists are making huge efforts to produce grapevine cultivars of desired characteristics. In this paper, important metabolites from grapevine and grape derived products like wine will be reviewed with their health promoting effects and their role against certain stress factors in grapevine physiology