Meson decay in an independent quark model

Leptonic decay widths and leptonic decay constants of light vector mesons and weak leptonic decay widths and weak decay constants of light and heavy pseudoscalar mesons have been studied in a field- theoretic framework based on the independent quark model with a scalar- vector power-law potential. The results are in very good agreement with the experimental data.Comment: 13 page

Comparison between Mycoplasma bovoculi strains by electrophoretic and immunoblotting techniques: identification of membrane proteins involved in adherence

Protein profiles of six Mycoplasma bovoculi strains obtained from electrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a close relatedness among these strains. However, the antigenic properties of these proteins varied. Proteins separated on SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to nitrocellulose paper showed strain specific and conserved antigens by western blot analysis when reacted with hyperimmune rabbit serum developed against strain FS8-7 of M. bovoculi. Monoclonal antibodies developed against the same strain recognized a protein band of 94,000 molecular weight found in all strains examined. This band, designated p94 was also detected by sera from calves experimentally exposed to M. bovoculi by ocular instillation. Trypsin treatment of intact M. bovoculi resulted in the removal of this band denoting its proteinaceous nature and membrane surface location. These results indicate that p94 is major protein found on the surface of the plasma membrane of M. bovoculi that is involved in eliciting an antibody response to the organism;The involvement of p94 and protein p29 (29,000 molecular weight) recognized earlier by monoclonal antibodies that block adherence was tested with erythrocytes. Monoclonal antibodies to these surface proteins blocked the attachment of M. bovoculi to erythrocytes. No one antibody blocked the attachment completely indicating that these two proteins are involved in this process and that the organism utilizes at least two receptors for attachment. Characterization of the receptor sites participating in adherence was done by enzymatic treatment. Trypsin treatment of intact M. bovoculi abolished attachment while trypsin or neuraminidase treatment of erythrocytes had no effect. All six strains showed no hemadsorptive or hemagglutinative properties and varied in their hemolytic activity. Hemolysis was seen with mammalian erythrocytes but not with avian erythrocytes;Adherence to bovine lung fibroblasts in vitro and to bovine conjunctival epithelium in vivo was examined by electron microscopy. The organism attached to both cell types without the aid of an apparent specialized structure and possessed no capsule when stained with ruthenium red. Confirmation of the surface location of protein p94 and p29 was done by immunogold labeling. Monoclonal antibody-gold complexes showed widely distributed gold particles around the membrane surface

Rancang Bangun Turbin Angin Poros Horizontal Double Multiflat Blade

Tujuan dari penelitian Turbin Angin Poros Horizontal Double Multiflat Blade adalah membandingkan kinerja turbin angin poros horizonal single multiflat blade dengan turbin angin poros horizontal double multiflat blade perlakuan sisi masuk dan perlakuan sisi keluar. Pengujian turbin angin single multiflat blade dilakukan pada kecepatan angin 5 m/s, 7 m/s, dan 9 m/s dengan sudut blade 35°, 38°,40°, 43° dan 45°. Berdasarkan pengujian, turbin angin single multiflat blade pada kecepatan angin 9 m/s dan sudut blade 40° menghasilkan efisiensi sistem tertinggi yaitu 8,397%. Kecepatan dan sudut tersebut digunakan untuk pengujian turbin angin double multiflat blade. Pengujian turbin angin double multiflat blade dengan perlakuan sisi keluar, efisiensi sistem tertinggi yaitu 11,74%, sedangkan pengujian turbin angin double multiflat blade dengan perlakuan sisi masuk, efisiensi sistem tertinggi yaitu 5,16%. Kesimpulan dari pengujian adalah efisiensi sistem tertinggi dihasilkan pada pengujian turbin angin poros horizontal double multiflat blade perlakuan pada sisi keluar dengan kecepatan angin 9 m/s dan sudut blade 40° sebesar11,74%

Probing Internal Stress and Crystallinity in Wet Foam via Raman Spectroscopy

In this article, we correlate the internal stress and the characteristics of a vibrational mode in wet foam. Using microscope images, we estimate the average size of the bubbles in wet foam, at specific time intervals, over a duration of twenty four hours. Raman spectra are also recorded at the same time intervals, over the same time frame. We show that the internal stress, originated from the macroscopic structural change of foam with ageing, can be related to the observed Raman shift of the low frequency methylene rocking mode of the constituent surfactant molecules in foam. In this report we also show the capability of the Raman spectroscopy to reveal the crystallinity in foamy materials, when studied for a longer period of time.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure

Source Separation using ICA

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a statistical signal processing technique having emerging new practical application areas, such as blind signal separation such as mixed voices or images, analysis of several types of data or feature extraction. Fast independent component analysis (Fast ICA ) is one of the most efficient ICA technique. Fast ICA algorithm separates the independent sources from their mixtures by measuring non-gaussianity.In this paper we present a method that can separate the signals as individual channels from other channels and also remove the noise using fast ica algorithm. The method is to decompose a multi channel signal into statistically independent components

Joining of Dissimilar Materials using:Yag Laser Welding

The combination of mild steel and stainless steel as a welded joint has very important applications in industry. In this project, laser welding of mild steel to stainless steel was studied at different values of beam energy and welding speed, keeping beam diameter constant. A 9 kW ALPHALASER AL200 Nd:YAG laser was used to weld 1.5 mm thick mild steel and stainless steel plates. The photographs of the welded seams were observed and tensile testing of specimens was done to evaluate the mechanical properties of the welded joint. The peak load at which each specimen broke was found out. Results indicated that with an increase in values of both welding speed as well as beam energy, the peak load first increased gradually, attained a maximum, and then decreased. Equations were found out to depict the relation between (i) peak load and beam energy and (ii) peak load and welding speed

Nanopore sensing at ultra-low concentrations using single molecule dielectrophoretic trapping

Single-molecule techniques are being developed with the exciting prospect of revolutionizing the healthcare industry by generating vast amounts of genetic and proteomic data. One exceptionally promising route is in the use of nanopore sensors. However, a well-known complexity is that detection and capture is predominantly diffusion limited. This problem is compounded when taking into account the capture volume of a nanopore, typically 108–1010 times smaller than the sample volume. To rectify this disproportionate ratio, we demonstrate a simple, yet powerful, method based on coupling single-molecule dielectrophoretic trapping to nanopore sensing. We show that DNA can be captured from a controllable, but typically much larger, volume and concentrated at the tip of a metallic nanopore. This enables the detection of single molecules at concentrations as low as 5 fM, which is approximately a 103 reduction in the limit of detection compared with existing methods, while still maintaining efficient throughput

Effective and Economically Viable Organic Agriculture under Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology – A Potential Alternative to Support India Organic Movement

Organic farming has been identified as the road map for food sovereignty, economic security, and alleviation of food toxicity. And, with changing climatic patterns it has become more of a necessity for harnessing both mitigation and adaptation potentials. For sustainable agriculture qualitative developments of soil has been prioritized. But it has been a time taking process, moreover; component wise redressal has not provided much relief considering that still now not even 1% of total agricultural production world over is organic. To reach the objective in a time bound manner, besides healthy soil, healthy plant system has become pre-requisite, as also supported by ‘Trophobiosis theory’ of French scientist F. Chabassou (1985) that depicts ‘Healthy Plants’ as the trump card for successful agriculture. There has been need for a method/ practice/ technology which can etch out the scientific road map towards the objective, at the same time should be Safe, Effective, Complete, Convenient and Economical; i.e., the five foundation pillars for ensuring large scale adoptability. Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology a comprehensive organic package of practice (POP) was developed by Indian Scientist Dr. P. Das Biswas, and has been ensuring sustainable agriculture for more than a decade now. Production of approximately 2.0 million kg certified organic teas annually in a cost- effective manner substantiates its efficacy while recognition of West Jalinga as ‘World’s 1st Carbon Neutral, Organic Tea Garden’ evidences its GHG mitigation and carbon sequestration potentials. FAO-CFC-TBI Project entitled ‘Development, Production and Trade of Organic Tea’ (at Maud Tea Estate, Assam; period: 2008-2013) provided opportunity to test IRF Technology in terms of yield, soil development and economics as compared to all other available organic methods/ POP. Highest yield, speedy soil quality rejuvenation was recorded under IRF Technology at lowest economics and under all growth phases of tea plant viz. mature, young, newly planted and nursery. The comprehensive process of soil and plant energization i.e. invigorating the native soil microflora as well infusion of deficient energy for plant metabolic functions has ensured the universality of IRF Technology. Projects undertaken in collaboration of State/ Central Agricultural Universities and Krishi Vigyan Kendra in a wide variety of field crops viz. cereals (rain fed and winter paddy, baby corn), pulses (green/ black gram), vegetables (tomato, potato, okra, cauliflower, cabbage, chilli, radish etc.) and exotic vegetables (horse radish, celery, Chinese cabbage, pak choi, broccoli, parsley etc.); have substantiated technological effectiveness. These field trials in diverse ecological regions of West Bengal indicated that yield sustenance/ hike is possible under organic, even from the very first year, and can ensure economic security even without any support price for organic. To evaluate the status of developments proposed under IRF Technology and standardize various components of crop production, several tools have also been developed viz. Compost Quality Index, Soil Quality/ Development Index, SWOT Study, Crop Pesticide Pollution Index, Pesticide Load on Crop, Soil Pesticide Pollution Index, etc. The initiatives and experience under IRF Technology indicate that it can be used as a potent weapon for economically viable, large scale and energy efficient organic farming; especially relevant with India’s commitment towards climate change and GHG mitigation and for tapping the growing export potentials