CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE RAGUSAN PRESENCE IN VENICE IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY

This article discusses the presence in Venice in the fourteenth century of a number of patricians and commoners from Dubrovnik (Ragusa), whose activities in the city of St. Mark left traces in the Archivio di Stato in Venice. Information gained from Venetian archival documents is complemented by documents from the State Archives in Dubrovnik concerning the same individuals

The first wintering record of the Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis in the Neretva Delta

During the winter of 2022/2023, high numbers of Cattle Egrets, Bubulcus ibis, were observed in the Neretva Delta. Between 1st December 2022 and 27th February 2023, 23 field visits were undertaken to their foraging area, recording 21 to 58 birds per day. Maximum numbers were observed in late December, while in January and February around 30 birds stayed in the area. This is the first observation of wintering Cattle Egrets in the Neretva Delta and exceptionally high winter numbers for Croatia

The breeding of the Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County

The breeding of the Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County has been confirmed for the first time. Near Ploče, two pairs were observed on 16 May 2021. One nest was found with a recently hatched chick and an egg. Another two pairs were found in Doli, Dubrovačko primorje, on 3rd June 2021

Venetians in Dubrovnik (Ragusa) and Ragusans in Venice as Property Owners in the Fourteenth Century

U dosadašnjim istraživanjima dubrovačko-mletačkih odnosa glavna pažnja, osim isključivo političkim vezama, bila je posvećena pretežno pomorskim i trgovačkim kontaktima. To je i razumljivo s obzirom na karakter oba grada-države, na njihovu političku ulogu i pomorsko-trgovačku djelatnost na Jadranu. Postoji, međutim, jedan vid dubrovačko-mletačkih odnosa koji je do sada ostao u sjeni politike, moreplovstva i trgovine, a nije bez značaja za proučavanje ukupnosti veza između dva grada. Mislimo pritom na problem posjedovanja nekretnina od strane Mlečana u Dubrovniku i od strane Dubrovčana u Mlecima, pa ćemo u ovom radu pokušati baciti nešto svjetla na to pitanje u XIV. stoljeću.After a detailed analysis of archival data, the author arrives at the following conclusions concerning the topic under study: 1. Many more Venetians owned real estate (houses, terrains) in Dubrovnik than did Ragusans in Venice because Venetians Were more numerous and economically more powerful. They acquired most properties in Dubrovnik when Ragusan courts allocated to them properties of Ragusans who had failed to pay their debts to Venetians. Most Ragusan real estate in Venice (primarily houses) was acquired through purchases, inheritance, etc. 2. Venetians did not hold properties in Dubrovnik for a long time but tried to sell them quickly and compensate the debts. Ragusans in Venice held properties for a long time and used them as a source of income. 3. Both in Dubrovnik and in Venice, patricians were the most active people in the real estate market, especially some — frequently related — families on both sides. 4. In the second half of the fourteenth century the number of Venetian real estate owners in Dubrovnik decreased, while the number of Ragusan property owners in Venice increased. The author seeks the causes for this phenomenon less in the political change which occurred between the two city-republics in 1358, than in Venetian preoccupation with other, wider areas, and the growing economic power of the Ragusans. On the whole, ownership of real estate on both sides strengthened their mutual relations and was an important aspect of Veneto-Ragusan links in the fourteenth century

The Battle of Krbava (1493) and its Impact in Dubrovnik

Bitka na Krbavskom polju, 11. rujna 1493, bila je događaj od velikog povijesnog značenja i dalekosežnih posljedica za Hrvatsku i Ugarsku, a također i za okolne zemlje. U toj bitci, koja se odigrala pod Udbinom, kao što je poznato, Turci su potpuno potukli hrvatsku vojsku. Veliki broj najuglednijih hrvatskih plemića tu je poginuo, a računa se da je živote izgubilo i oko 10.000 (od 15.000) vojnika. Nije, dakle, iznenađujuće da je ovaj mali nemili događaj našao vrlo brzo odjeka i u Dubrovniku, kako kod lokalnih historičara, tako i kod pjesnika.In the battle of Krbava, Nov 11 1493, the Croatian army was completely defeated by the Turks. A large number of Croatian noblemen got killed as well as about 10.000 out of 15.000 Croatian soldiers, where ban Derenčin was imprisoned too. It was only 13 days after that the citizens of Dubrovnik learnt about the battle. They sent 500 golden coins to the Croatian viceban Perušić in order to build fortresses. At the same time they supported the Hungaro-Croatian king Vladislav in standing up to the Turks and on Oct 17 1493, delivered him ban Derenčin’s letter which he sent from the Turkish imprisonment via Dubrovnik. The Dubrovnik council also appealed for help to the Napoli cardinal counting on his influence in the Christian world Croatia being a rampart between Europe and the Otoman Empire. Dubrovnik diplomatic circles eagerly observed the Turkish conquering intentions. They were not in sympathy with the Turks. This feeling they expressed with great caution for the benefit and safety of their own territory was at stake, as well as their merchandise intentions with the countries under Turkish dominance. That is the main reason why they took no measures in freeing Nikola Frankopan from Turkish imprisonment in 1494

The breeding of the Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County

The breeding of the Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County has been confirmed for the first time. Near Ploče, two pairs were observed on 16 May 2021. One nest was found with a recently hatched chick and an egg. Another two pairs were found in Doli, Dubrovačko primorje, on 3rd June 2021

Development of modern applications using Java Enterprise Edition and WebSphere Application Server

There are many different platforms available for developing modern multi-tier applications. One of the leading platforms is Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE), which was renamed during the writing of the thesis and will be known as Jakarta Enterprise Edition (Jakarta EE). The application server performs most functionalities of multi-tier applications. There are many application servers for the Java EE platform on the market, one of the most commonly used is WebSphere application server (WAS). In this thesis we first introduce Java and Java EE. Then we describe multi-tier applications and their implementation with Java EE platform. After this, we look closely at the novelties of the last two versions of Java EE and the Java EE profiles. Finally, we describe application servers and WAS. The thesis is based on a review of the literature and documentation of Java EE, with an emphasis on its last two versions. The result of the thesis is a summary and analysis of the latest two versions of Java EE and an overview and analysis of Java EE application servers