Design and implementation of a device based on an off-axis parabolic mirror to perform luminescence experiments in a scanning tunneling microscope

We present the design, implementation, and illustrative results of a light collection/injection strategy based on an off-axis parabolic mirror collector for a low-temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). This device allows us to perform STM induced Light Emission (STM-LE) and Cathodoluminescence (STM-CL) experiments and in situ Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy as complementary techniques. Considering the \'Etendue conservation and using an off-axis parabolic mirror, it is possible to design a light collection and injection system that displays 72% of collection efficiency (considering the hemisphere above the sample surface) while maintaining high spectral resolution and minimizing signal loss. The performance of the STM is tested by atomically resolved images and scanning tunneling spectroscopy results on standard sample surfaces. The capabilities of our system are demonstrated by performing STM-LE on metallic surfaces and two-dimensional semiconducting samples, observing both plasmonic and excitonic emissions. In addition, we carried out in situ PL measurements on semiconducting monolayers and quantum dots and in situ Raman on graphite and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) samples. Additionally, STM-CL and PL were obtained on monolayer h-BN gathering luminescence spectra that are typically associated with intragap states related to carbon defects. The results show that the flexible and efficient light injection and collection device based on an off-axis parabolic mirror is a powerful tool to study several types of nanostructures with multiple spectroscopic techniques in correlation with their morphology at the atomic scale and electronic structure.Comment: 19 pages, 14 Figure

No straight lines – young women’s perceptions of their mental health and wellbeing during and after pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-ethnography

Background: Young mothers face mental health challenges during and after pregnancy including increased rates of depression compared to older mothers. While the prevention of teenage pregnancy in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom has been a focus for policy and research in recent decades, the need to understand young women’s own experiences has been highlighted. The aim of this meta-ethnography was to examine young women’s perceptions of their mental health and wellbeing during and after pregnancy to provide new understandings of those experiences. Methods: A systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis of qualitative research was conducted. Seven databases were systematically searched and forward and backward searching conducted. Papers were included if they were from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and explored mental health and wellbeing experiences of young mothers (age under 20 in pregnancy; under 25 at time of research) as a primary research question – or where evidence about mental health and wellbeing from participants was foregrounded. Nineteen papers were identified and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research used to appraise the evidence. Following the seven-step process of meta-ethnography, key constructs were examined within each study and then translated into one another. Results: Seven translated themes were identified forming a new line of argument wherein mental health and wellbeing was analysed as relating to individual bodily experiences; tied into past and present relationships; underpinned by economic insecurity and entangled with feelings of societal surveillance. There were ‘no straight lines’ in young women’s experiences, which were more complex than dominant narratives around overcoming adversity suggest. Conclusions: The synthesis concludes that health and social care professionals need to reflect on the operation of power and stigma in young women’s lives and its impact on wellbeing. It adds to understanding of young women’s mental health and wellbeing during and after pregnancy as located in physical and structural factors rather than individual capacities alone

The Bauru Basin in São Paulo and its tetrapods

Funding Information: The authors thank the editors of Derbyana, especially its Editor-in-Chief Silvio T. Hiruma, for the invitation to participate in this volume dedicated to “Advances in Paleontology”. This contribution results from FAPESP grant 2020/07997-4, to which most of the authors are affiliated. We also thank the Derbyana ad-hoc reviewers, Drs. Agustin Martinelli and Fabiano Iori, for their helpful comments to the manuscript. FIGURE 6 – Cumulative chronological distribution of the tetrapod fossil record in the Bauru Basin of São Paulo (1913-2022) compared to science and technology funding metrics and events: A – For all tetrapods; grey bars indicate total records of tables 1-5; green line indicates taxonomic richness (grey lines in Tables 1-5); pink line indicates FAPESP budget in billions of reais between 1976 and 2021 (FAPESP 2022); blue line indicates CNPq, CAPES, and FINEP budget in millions of reais between 1996 and 2018 (ESCOBAR 2019). Events indicated by arrows correspond, in chronological sequence, to the foundations of USP, “Instituto Geográfico e Geológico”, FAPESP, Unicamp, UNESP, “Instituto Geológico”, and Monte Alto Museum of Paleontology, the implementations of the Qualis list, the Lattes curriculum, the CAPES Portal de Periódicos, and the CNPq “grant”, the foundation of the Marília Museum of Paleontology, the release of the first MCT/CNPq public call for “Strengthening National Paleontology”, and the foundation of “Pedro Candolo” Museum of Paleontology. B – Separately for each recorded tetrapod group, coloured lines indicate total of records in tables 1-5 of Anura = light blue, Crocodyliformes = red, Mammalia = purple, Sauropoda = green, Squamata = yellow, Testudines = orange, and Theropoda = dark blue. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.The Bauru Basin bears one of the best sampled tetrapod paleofaunas of Brazil, with about 70% of this diversity collected from its deposits in São Paulo. Its fossils are known since the beginning of the 20th century, coming from all stratigraphic units of the Basin cropping-out in the state, i.e., Santo Anastácio, Araçatuba, Adamantina (alternatively divided into Vale do Rio do Peixe, Presidente Prudente, and São José do Rio Preto formations), and Marília formations. Identified taxa include rare anurans, mammals, and squamates, an important set of testudines, theropods (including birds), and sauropods, in addition to one of the most diverse crocodyliform faunas known worldwide. This congregates more than fifty unique taxonomic entities, including 42 formally described species. Based on biostratigraphic correlations (including tetrapods), on few absolute ages, and other sources of evidence, the Bauru Basin deposits in São Paulo seem to be chronologically restricted to the Late Cretaceous, but further investigation is much needed. Finally, the history of research with such fossils highlights the importance of public funding for research and decentralization of university education for the advancement of science.publishersversionpublishe

description of the methodological approach

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Abundances of Iron-Binding Photosynthetic and Nitrogen-Fixing Proteins of Trichodesmium Both in Culture and In Situ from the North Atlantic

Marine cyanobacteria of the genus Trichodesmium occur throughout the oligotrophic tropical and subtropical oceans, where they can dominate the diazotrophic community in regions with high inputs of the trace metal iron (Fe). Iron is necessary for the functionality of enzymes involved in the processes of both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. We combined laboratory and field-based quantifications of the absolute concentrations of key enzymes involved in both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation to determine how Trichodesmium allocates resources to these processes. We determined that protein level responses of Trichodesmium to iron-starvation involve down-regulation of the nitrogen fixation apparatus. In contrast, the photosynthetic apparatus is largely maintained, although re-arrangements do occur, including accumulation of the iron-stress-induced chlorophyll-binding protein IsiA. Data from natural populations of Trichodesmium spp. collected in the North Atlantic demonstrated a protein profile similar to iron-starved Trichodesmium in culture, suggestive of acclimation towards a minimal iron requirement even within an oceanic region receiving a high iron-flux. Estimates of cellular metabolic iron requirements are consistent with the availability of this trace metal playing a major role in restricting the biomass and activity of Trichodesmium throughout much of the subtropical ocean

A new fossil of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Ceratophryidae: Anura) from Southeastern Brazil

Barcelos, Lucas A., Verdade, Vanessa K. (2022): A new fossil of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Ceratophryidae: Anura) from Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 5094 (3): 495-500, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5094.3.

Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied 1824

<p> <b> <i>Ceratophrys</i> Wied-Neuwied</b> </p> <p>(Fig. 2)</p> <p> <b>Type Species.</b> <i>Ceratophrys varius</i> Wied-Neuwied (currently <i>C. aurita</i> [Raddi]).</p> <p>Extant taxon, Neotropical distribution.</p>Published as part of <i>Barcelos, Lucas A. & Verdade, Vanessa K., 2022, A new fossil of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Ceratophryidae: Anura) from Southeastern Brazil, pp. 495-500 in Zootaxa 5094 (3)</i> on page 496, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5094.3.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5974001">http://zenodo.org/record/5974001</a&gt

Six new species of cernotina ross, 1938 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from Brazil

Six new species of Cernotina Ross are described from two Brazilian states: Cernotina anhanguera sp. nov., Cernotina bispicata sp. nov., and Cernotina falcata sp. nov. from Goiás State (Cerrado biome) and Cernotina lanceolata sp. nov., Cernotina longispina sp. nov., and Cernotina sinuosa sp. nov. from Espírito Santo State (Atlantic Forest biome). In ad-dition, we report the first record of Cernotina spinigera Flint 1971 from Goiás State. Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press

Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts as building blocks of heterocycles: a simple approach to 4-substituted pyrazolones, and mechanism investigation via ESI–MS(/MS)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)We describe herein an efficient approach for the preparation of 4-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-ones starting from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts. These heterocycles were obtained in two or three steps as single isomers with moderate to good overall yields. One efficient and alternative methodology for the synthesis of alpha-methyl-beta-ketoesters is also reported (up to 91 % yield). Additionally, the mechanism of formation of pyrazolones was investigated employing ESI-MS/MS reaction monitoring.We describe herein an efficient approach for the preparation of 4-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-ones starting from Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts. These heterocycles were obtained in two or three steps as single isomers with moderate to good overall14615571570FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [FAPESP 2012/24783-1]2012/24783-1sem informaçãoThe authors thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for financial support. We also thank FAPESP for a post-doctoral fellowship to RCB (process FAPESP 2012/24783-1) an