Crioablação subendocárdica interpapilar (CSIP) para o tratamento da taquicardia ventricular recorrente chagásica (TVR) Interpapillary subendocardial cryoablation for the treatment of recurrent ventricular chagasic tachicardia

Uma nova técnica, a crioablação subendocárdica interpapilar (CSIP), foi empregada em 9 pacientes portadores de taquicardia ventricular recorrente chagásica (TVRCh). O local da TVRCh foi determinado pré-operatoriamente através do mapeamento eletrofisiológico (EEP). Em 8 pacientes encontravase na parede lateral do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) na região interpapilar (IP) e em 1 na face diafragmática do VE com extensão IP. A operação constituiu na abordagem direta da região IP, eliminando-a, após ventriculotomia, com CSIP. Não foi usado TEF intra-operatório. Em 8 dos 9 pacientes no TEF não pode ser desencadeada a TVRCh. Em 1 paciente, foi desencadeada, em uma única oportunidade; este paciente está assintomático 21 meses após a operação, sem crises de TVRCh. Sete pacientes estão assintomáticos, sem medicação antiarrítmica e em classe funcional I. Uma paciente com miocardiopatia difusa encontra-se em CF II com medicação cardiotônica exclusivamente. Os resultados obtidos permitem acreditar na validade da técnica cirúrgica proposta.<br>A new technique - interpapillary subendocardial cryoablation (CSIP) - was used in nine patients suffering from recurrent ventricular tachycardia associated with Chagas disease (TVRCh). Location of the TVRCh was determined preoperatively through electrophysiological imaging (EEF). In eight patients it was located on the lateral wall of the left ventricle (VE) in the interpapillary region (IP), and in one patient on the diaphragmatic surface of the VE with IP extension. The surgery consisted in a direct approach to the IP region, which was removed following ventriculotomy with CSIP. Intraoperative EEF was not used. TVRCh could not be relieved in eight of the nine patients on EEF. In one patient it was relieved in one attempt only, the patient being asymptomatic 21 months following surgery, with no TVRCh crises. Seven patients are asymptomatic, without anti-arrhythmic medication and in functional class I. One patient with diffuse myocardiopathy is in functional class 11, exclusively on cardiotonic medication. The results obtained permit credence to be given to the surgical techniques proposed

Immediate and long term evolution of valve replacement in children less than 12 years old

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was the follow-up and evaluation of valve replacement in children under 12 years of age. METHODS: Forty-four children less than 12 years old were underwent valve replacement at INCOR-HCFMUSP between January 1986 and December 1992. Forty (91%) were rheumatic, 39 (88.7%) were in functional classes II or IV, 19 (43.2%) were operated upon on an emergency basis, and 6 (13.6%) had atrial fibrillation. Biological prostheses (BP) were employed in 26 patients (59.1%), and mechanical prostheses (MP) in 18 (40.9%). Mitral valves were replaced in 30 (68.7%), aortic valves in 8 (18.2%), a tricuspid valve in 1 (2.3%), and double (aortic and mitral) valves in 5 (11.4) of the patients. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was of 4.5% (2 cases). The mean follow-up period was 5.8 years. Re-operations occurred in 63.3% of the patients with BP and in 12.5% of those with MP (p=0.002). Infectious endocarditis was present in 26.3% of the BP, but in none of the cases of MP (p=0.049). Thrombosis occurred in 2 (12.5%) and hemorrhage in one (6.5%) of the patients with a MP. Delayed mortality occurred in 5 (11.9%) of the patients over a mean period of 2.6 years; four had had BP and one had a MP (NS). Actuarial survival and re-operation-free curves after 10 years were respectively, 82.5±7.7 (SD)% and 20.6±15.9%. CONCLUSION: Patients with MP required fewer re-operation, had less infectious endocarditis and lower late mortality rates compared with patients with bioprostheses. The former, therefore, appear to be the best valve replacement for pediatric patients

Operação de Fontan-Kreutzer em anomalias cardíacas complexas outras que não atresia tricúspide lb, ventrículo único e atresia pulmonar com septo ventricular íntegro The operation of Fontan-Kreutzer in complex congenital anomalies other than lb isolated tricuspid atresia, single ventricle and pulmonary atresia with intact septum

Oitenta e quatro pacientes foram submetidos a operação tipo Fontan, no Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, entre 1979 e 1989; as idades variaram entre 5 meses e 31 anos. Estes pacientes foram colocados em 5 grupos anatômicos: 1) atresia tricúspide la, 3 pacientes (1 óbito, 33,3%); 2) atresia tricúspide lb, 48 pacientes (5 óbitos, 10,4%); 3) ventrículo único: 18 pacientes (2 óbitos, 11,1%); 4) atresia pulmonar com septo interventricular íntegro, 5 pacientes (1 óbito, 20,0%); 5) anomalias complexas, 10 pacientes (zero óbitos). O grupo das anomalias complexas foi dividido em 2 subgrupos: pacientes com situs solitus e pacientes com situs inversus. A maioria destes pacientes foi submetida a procedimentos adicionais: em 5 pacientes, uma das valvas A-V foi fechada; em 1 paciente, foram realizadas valvoplastia mitral e septação do átrio único; em 1 paciente, foi realizada a secção de feixe anômalo (feixe de Kent). A evolução tardia (6 meses a 8 anos) revelou que 9 pacientes encontram-se em classe funcional I e 1 na classe funcional II (NYHA). Baseados nos resultados obtidos, concluímos que a operação de Fontan modificada é uma alternativa válida em anomalias cianóticas complexas.Between 1979 and 1989, 84 patients underwent a Fontan operation or one of its modifications; the ages ranged from 5 months to 31 years. Patients were placed into five anatomic groups: 1) tricuspid atresia la (3 cases, 1 death, 33.3%); 2) tricuspid atresia lb (48 cases, 5 deaths, 10.4%); 3) single ventricle (18 cases, 2 deaths, 11.1%); 4) pulmonary atresia, intact ventricular septum (5 cases, 1 death, 20.0%); 5) complex anomalies (10 cases, no deaths). The subgroup of complex anomalies was divided in: with situs inversus and with situs solitus. In the majority of these patients, additional procedures were performed; in 5, one A-V valve was closed; in 2, complex atrial septation was done; in 1, a mitral valvuloplasty and the septation of the single atrium were performed; in 1, the section of an anomalous pathway (Kent bundle) was carried out