1,060 research outputs found
Towards Coherent Neutrino Detection Using Low-Background Micropattern Gas Detectors
The detection of low energy neutrinos ( few tens of MeV) via coherent
nuclear scattering remains a holy grail of sorts in neutrino physics. This
uncontroversial mode of interaction is expected to profit from a sizeable
increase in cross section proportional to neutron number squared in the target
nucleus, an advantageous feature in view of the small probability of
interaction via all other channels in this energy region. A coherent neutrino
detector would open the door to many new applications, ranging from the study
of fundamental neutrino properties to true "neutrino technology".
Unfortunately, present-day radiation detectors of sufficiently large mass (
1 kg) are not sensitive to sub-keV nuclear recoils like those expected from
this channel. The advent of Micropattern Gas Detectors (MPGDs), new
technologies originally intended for use in High Energy Physics, may soon put
an end to this impasse. We present first tests of MPGDs fabricated with
radioclean materials and discuss the approach to assessing their sensitivity to
these faint signals. Applications are reviewed, in particular their use as a
safeguard against illegitimate operation of nuclear reactors. A first
industrial mass production of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) is succinctly
described.Comment: Presented at the 2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical
Imaging Conference, Norfolk VA, November 10-16. Submitted to IEEE Tran. Nucl.
Sci. Five pages, eight figure
Prospects For Identifying Dark Matter With CoGeNT
It has previously been shown that the excess of events reported by the CoGeNT
collaboration could be generated by elastically scattering dark matter
particles with a mass of approximately 5-15 GeV. This mass range is very
similar to that required to generate the annual modulation observed by
DAMA/LIBRA and the gamma rays from the region surrounding the Galactic Center
identified within the data of the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope. To
confidently conclude that CoGeNT's excess is the result of dark matter,
however, further data will likely be needed. In this paper, we make projections
for the first full year of CoGeNT data, and for its planned upgrade. Not only
will this body of data more accurately constrain the spectrum of nuclear recoil
events, and corresponding dark matter parameter space, but will also make it
possible to identify seasonal variations in the rate. In particular, if the
CoGeNT excess is the product of dark matter, then one year of CoGeNT data will
likely reveal an annual modulation with a significance of 2-3. The
planned CoGeNT upgrade will not only detect such an annual modulation with high
significance, but will be capable of measuring the energy spectrum of the
modulation amplitude. These measurements will be essential to irrefutably
confirming a dark matter origin of these events.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Visualization of a DNA-PK/PARP1 complex
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) are critical enzymes that reduce genomic damage caused by DNA lesions. They are both activated by DNA strand breaks generated by physiological and environmental factors, and they have been shown to interact. Here, we report in vivo evidence that DNA-PK and PARP1 are equally necessary for rapid repair. We purified a DNA-PK/PARP1 complex loaded on DNA and performed electron microscopy and single particle analysis on its tetrameric and dimer-of-tetramers forms. By comparison with the DNA-PK holoenzyme and fitting crystallographic structures, we see that the PARP1 density is in close contact with the Ku subunit. Crucially, PARP1 binding elicits substantial conformational changes in the DNA-PK synaptic dimer assembly. Taken together, our data support a functional, in-pathway role for DNA-PK and PARP1 in double-strand break (DSB) repair. We also propose a NHEJ model where proteināprotein interactions alter substantially the architecture of DNA-PK dimers at DSBs, to trigger subsequent interactions or enzymatic reactions
Prospects of cold dark matter searches with an ultra-low-energy germanium detector
The report describes the research program on the development of
ultra-low-energy germanium detectors, with emphasis on WIMP dark matter
searches. A threshold of 100 eV is achieved with a 20 g detector array,
providing a unique probe to the low-mas WIMP. Present data at a surface
laboratory is expected to give rise to comparable sensitivities with the
existing limits at the WIMP-mass range. The projected
parameter space to be probed with a full-scale, kilogram mass-range experiment
is presented. Such a detector would also allow the studies of neutrino-nucleus
coherent scattering and neutrino magnetic moments.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of TAUP-2007 Conferenc
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