IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE PARASITOS E ACHADOS MACROSCÓPICOS DE NECROPSIA EM PINGUINS-DE-MAGALHÃES NO ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL

Pinguins são aves marinhas extremamente bem adaptadas à vida no mar, mas não é raro encontrar indivíduos mortos ao longo da costa e as mortes são causadas por fatores relacionados tanto à interferências humanas no meio ambiente quanto por doenças específicas. Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar espécies de parasitos encontradas em pinguins-de-Magalhães na costa do Espírito Santo, Brasil, e descrever os principais achados macroscópicos de necropsia. Cinco aves apresentaram ectoparasitos. Todas as aves tinham nematodeos. Quatro indivíduos tinham trematodeos. Todos os pinguins estavam com escore de condição corporal 2. Dois dos indivíduos examinados apresentavam ruptura de esôfago por corpo estranho e um indivíduo apresentou corpo estranho no estômago. No sistema respiratório, as lesões encontradas foram congestão pulmonar, fibrina nos sacos aéreos, conteúdo caseoso na traqueia, edema pulmonar e pneumonia. Pinguins-de-Magalhães na costa do estado do Espírito Santo são suscetíveis a parasitoses. Helmintos das espécies Contracaecum pelagicum e Cardiocephaloides physalis foram identificados, bem como ectoparasitos da espécie Austrogoniodes bifasciatus. As principais lesões macroscópicas encontradas estavam localizadas no sistema respiratório e no trato gastrointestinal

Application of a geographical information system approach for risk analysis of fascioliasis in southern Espírito Santo state, Brazil

A model based on geographical information systems for mapping the risk of fascioliasis was developed for the southern part of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The determinants investigated were precipitation, temperature, elevation, slope, soil type and land use. Weightings and grades were assigned to determinants and their categories according to their relevance with respect to fascioliasis. Theme maps depicting the spatial distribution of risk areas indicate that over 50% of southern Espírito Santo is either at high or at very high risk for fascioliasis. These areas were found to be characterized by comparatively high temperature but relatively low slope, low precipitation and low elevation corresponding to periodically flooded grasslands or soils that promote water retention

Spatial Analysis of risk occurrence of Bovine Cysticercosis in the Espírito Santo State

The bovine cysticercosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease with economic importance, caused by the larval stage of Taenia saginata,Cysticercus bovis. The objective of this work was to criate a risk map of the bovine cysticercosis occurrence in the Espírito Santo State . Through a literature review raised the following variables as important for the occurrence of there is parasitosis: sanitary sewage inappropriate (SSI), cattle population by municipality (CPM), use and occupation of the ground (UOG) and flood risk (FR). The database was criate using the data provided by IBGE for SSI and CPM. The data mapping was carried out in the program ArcGIS/ArcInfo 10.1., in which a mathematical model was develop involving the selected variables resulting map risk for the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis in the state. The map showed that the state of Espírito Santo predominate areas medium risk for the occurrence of the parasite, while areas of high and very high risk does not reach 12% of the study area and are mainly located in the northern region in the state. The use of GIS helped in the elucidation of the sites risk of bovine cysticercosis in the Espírito Santo State, and with it, more severe measures of control and prevention of bovine cysticercosis should be directed in the countries of the State with areas of high and very high riskA cisticercose bovina é uma enfermidade parasitaria de caráter zoonótico, com importância econômica, causada pela fase larval da Taenia saginata, o Cysticercus bovis. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho gerar um mapa de favorabilidade de ocorrência da cisticercose bovina no Estado do Espírito Santo. Levantou-se as seguintes variáveis como importantes para a ocorrência da parasitose, por meio de revisão de literatura: esgotamento sanitário inadequado (ESI), população de bovino por município (PBM), uso e ocupação da terra (UOT) e risco de inundação (RI). O banco de dados foi gerado com os dados fornecidos pelo IBGE para o ESI e a PBM. O tratamento dos dados cartográficos foi realizado no programa ArcGIS/ArcINFO 10.1., no qual se gerou um modelo matemático envolvendo as variáveis selecionadas que resultou no mapa de favorabilidade para a ocorrência de cisticercose bovina no Estado. O mapa mostrou que no Estado do Espírito Santo predominam áreas de média favorabilidade para a ocorrência da parasitose, enquanto que as áreas de alta e muito alta favorabilidade não chegam a 12% da área estudada e localizam-se principalmente na região norte no Estado. O uso do SIG auxiliou na identificação dos locais de risco da cisticercose bovina no Estado do Espírito Santo e com isso, medidas mais severas de controle e prevenção da cisticercose bovina devem ser direcionadas nos municípios com áreas de alta e muito alta favorabilidadeCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Updated spatial analysis of areas of occurrence of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil

The risk of bovine cysticercosis is mutable over time, since population habits, local infrastructure, and bovine herd size change through the years. Hence, the aim of this study was to update the risk map of bovine cysticercosis occurrence in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, by choosing the following risk factors: inadequate sewer service; bovine population per municipality; risk of flooding; and land use and occupation, examined with a mathematical model using the GIS program ArcGis 10.5. The risk map of occurrence demonstrated that the state is composed of 12.8, 24.5, 36.2 and 26.5% of areas of very high, high, medium, and low risk, respectively. The northern area stood out for areas of very high risk, with the cities of Linhares and São Mateus accounting for 99% of the area with this classification. Of the state’s 78 municipalities, 15 had a portion of their territory with very high risk, 11 had over 50% of the territory with high risk and all except Irupi (100% of low risk) had some percentage of medium risk. These findings demonstrate the areas where actions to prevent bovine cysticercosis should be preferentially conducted

Application of a geographical information system approach for risk analysis of fascioliasis in southern Espírito Santo state, Brazil

A model based on geographical information systems for mapping the risk of fascioliasis was developed for the southern part of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The determinants investigated were precipitation, temperature, elevation, slope, soil type and land use. Weightings and grades were assigned to determinants and their categories according to their relevance with respect to fascioliasis. Theme maps depicting the spatial distribution of risk areas indicate that over 50% of southern Espírito Santo is either at high or at very high risk for fascioliasis. These areas were found to be characterized by comparatively high temperature but relatively low slope, low precipitation and low elevation corresponding to periodically flooded grasslands or soils that promote water retention

Spatial analysis on the risk of bovine cysticercosis occurrence in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil

A map of the risk of bovine cysticercosis occurrence was developed for the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, and it was based in a mathematic model based on following variables: inadequate sewage, bovine population by county, use and occupation of the land and flood risks in GIS environ by means of the ArcGIS/ArcINFO 10.1 program. The work aims to spatially analyze the risk of bovine cysticercosis occurrence in the state of Espírito Santo, by means of risk factors related to cysticercosis and compare with the prevalence obtained from slaughterhouses in the same area. The map of risk showed areas high risk and very high risk located mainly in Ecoporanga, Linhares, counties, where the prevalence from slaughterhouses are low, and in two counties of south macro-region, Presidente Kennedy and Itapemirim, where prevalence from slaughterhouses are higher