CONSÉQUENCES D'UNE DÉFICIENCE DU RÉGIME EN TRYPTOPHANE CHEZ LE PORC SUR LE NIVEAU D'INGESTION ET LES PERFORMANCES DE CROISSANCE

International audienc

Digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids of some dry feedstuffs for mink

Sarja Kotieläimet n:o 71vokKirjasto Aj-KEräiden kuivien rehujen typen ja aminohappojen sulavuus minkill

Interactive Effects of Indigestible Carbohydrates, Protein Type, and Protein Level on Biomarkers of Large Intestine Health in Rats

<div><p>The effects of indigestible carbohydrates, protein type, and protein level on large intestine health were examined in rats. For 21 days, 12 groups of six 12-week-old male Wistar rats were fed diets with casein (CAS), or potato protein concentrate (PPC), providing 14% (lower protein level; LP), or 20% (higher protein level; HP) protein, and containing cellulose, resistant potato starch, or pectin. Fermentation end-products, pH, and β-glucuronidase levels in cecal digesta, and ammonia levels in colonic digesta were determined. Cecal digesta, tissue weights, cecal and colon morphology, and colonocyte DNA damage were also analyzed. Digesta pH was lower, whereas relative mass of cecal tissue and digesta were higher in rats fed pectin diets than in those fed cellulose. Cecal parameters were greater in rats fed PPC and HP diets than in those fed CAS and LP diets, respectively. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were unaffected by protein or carbohydrate type. Total SCFA, acetic acid, and propionic acid concentrations were greater in rats fed LP diets than in those fed HP. Cecal pool of isobutyric and isovaleric acids was greater in rats fed PPC than in those fed CAS diets. PPC diets decreased phenol concentration and increased ammonia concentration in cecal and colonic digesta, respectively. Cecal crypt depth was greater in rats fed PPC and HP diets, and was unaffected by carbohydrates; whereas colonic crypt depth was greater in rats fed cellulose. Myenteron thickness in the cecum was unaffected by nutrition, but was greater in the colon of rats fed cellulose. Colonocyte DNA damage was greater in rats fed LP diets than in those fed HP diets, and was unaffected by carbohydrate or protein type. It was found that nutritional factors decreasing cecal digesta weight contribute to greater phenol production, increased DNA damage, and reduced ammonia concentration in the colon.</p></div

Nutritional value of yellow-seeded winter rapeseed cakes for growing pigs

Objective of the study was to compare the composition and nutritional value of a winter brown- (BRC) and three yellow-seeded (YRC) cold-pressed rapeseed cakes as the components of pigs’ diets, and to assess their effects on colonic bacterial fermentation and the relative weight of organs. In experiment 1, the standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of protein and amino acids (AA) of cakes was determined in 12 male cannulated pigs. Each diet was fed to six pigs during three seven-day periods. Ileal digesta was collected during the last three days of the period. In experiment 2, five groups each containing six female pigs with initial body weights (BW) of 20 kg were fed on diets containing BRC, YRC, or soyabean oil meal (SBM) as the main protein source. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and growth performance were measured untill 60 kg BW was reached, and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations in the colon, as well as the weight of the liver, kidney, heart, and thyroid, were recorded. The main differences between BRC and YRC were found in higher content of fat and protein, lower amounts of fibre and glucosinolates (Gls), and higher ATTD of fibre in YRC. Protein and AA SID, ATTD of nutrients, total SCFA colonic concentration, and growth performance did not significantly differ. The chemical composition of the three YRC was not uniform, the greatest differences were found among the amounts of Gls. The relative weights of the thyroid and heart were greater in pigs fed BRC than in YRC and SBM diets. Thyroid weight was positively correlated with dietary progoitrin, alkenyl Gls, and total Gls, whereas heart weight was positively correlated with progoitrin and alkenyl Gls. It was concluded that winter yellow-seeded rapeseed is a better raw material for cold-pressing than brown-seeded due to having lower Gls and fibre content.

Concentrations and Cecal Pool of Phenolic Compounds and Activity of Bacterial β-glucuronidase in Cecal Digesta of Rats.

<p>Data are presented as mean values ± SEM</p

Cecal Pool (μmol/cecum) of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Rats.

<p>Data are presented as mean values ± SEM.</p

Summary of the effects of the experimental factors on biomarkers of the large intestine health in rats.

<p>The changes (↑ increase or ↓ decrease) in the parameters are shown in relation to casein diets, lower-protein diets, and cellulose, respectively. PPC–potato protein concentrate, CAS–casein, HP–higher protein diet, LP–lower protein diet, P—pectin, RPS—resistant potato starch.</p

Ammonia concentration (μmol/g) in colonic digesta of rats.

<p>Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Means with a different letters differ significantly (P < 0.05).</p

Composition of Experimental Diets (g/kg).

<p>¹AIN-93G Mineral Mix, MP Biomedical, Inc., Eschwege, Germany. Mixture contains the following components: (%)—calcium carbonate 35.7; monopotassium phosphate 19.6; potassium citrate monohydrate 7.078; sodium chloride 7.4; potassium sulfate 4.66; magnesium oxide 2.4; ferric citrate 0.606; zinc carbonate 0.165; manganese carbonate 0.063; copper carbonate 0.03; potassium iodate 0.001; sodium selenate, anhydrous 0.00103; ammonium molybdate^.4H₂O 0.000795; sodium metasilicate^.9H₂O 0.145; chromium potassium sulfate^.12H₂O 0.0275; lithium chloride 0.00174; boric acid 0.008145; sodium fluoride 0.00635; nickel carbonate 0.00318; ammonium vanadate 0.00066; powdered sugar 22.1.</p><p>²AIN-93-VX Vitamin Mix, MP Biomedicals, Inc., Eschwege, Germany. Mixture contains the following components: (g/kg)–nicotinic acid 3.00; D-calcium pantothenate1.60; pyridoxine HCl 0.70; thiamine HCl 0.60; riboflavin 0.60; folic acid 0.20; D-biotin 0.02; vitamin B₁₂ (0.1% triturated in mannitol) 2.50; α-tocopherol powder (250 U/gm) 30.00; vitamin A palmitate (250,000 U/gm) 1.60; vitamin D₃ (400,000 U/gm) 0.25; phylloquinone 0.075; powdered sucrose 959.655.</p><p>Composition of Experimental Diets (g/kg).</p