Compare the effect of Consumption CoQ10 Supplement on aerobic power, anaerobic and Muscle soreness in athletes and non athletes

زمینه و هدف: کوآنزیم Q10 یک ماده شبه ویتامین محلول در چربی است که حامل ضروری الکترون در میتوکندری می باشد و در تولید انرژی و فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی، نقش مهمی بر عهده دارد. هدف این مطالعه پژوهشی نیمه تجربی، مقایسه اثر مکمل کوآنزیم Q10 بر توان هوازی، بی هوازی و برخی از شاخص های منتخب کوفتگی عضلانی تأخیری پسران ورزشکار و غیر ورزشکار بود. روش بررسی: 60 پسر دانش آموز داوطلب، به روش نمونه در دسترس انتخاب که از بین آن ها و به طور تصادفی 20 نفر با میانگین سن، قد و وزن به ترتیب (80/0±30/16 سال، 6±172 سانتی متر، 55/7±76/62 کیلوگرم) انتخاب که در دو گروه ورزشکار (10 =n) و غیر ورزشکار (10 =n) طبقه بندی شدند. از هر دو گروه 4 مرتبه خونگیری (هر بار 5 سی سی مایع از ورید پیش آرنجی) طی دو مرحله (قبل و بعد از مکمل دهی) به عمل آمد که سطح پایه و تغییرات شاخص های کوفتگی تأخیری (LDH و CK)، با کیت آزمایشگاهی پارس آزمون و با دستگاه اتوآنالایزر AT- آلفا کلاستیک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. قراردادهای ورزشی پژوهش، بروس (با استفاده از نوارگردان، جهت ارزیابی VO2max) و فالکنر (با استفاده از نوارگردان- 9/12 V= کیلومتر بر ساعت و 20 g=، جهت ارزیابی توان بی هوازی) بود. ضریب پایایی آزمون بروس و فالکنر به ترتیب در حدود 95/0 تا 99/0 و 76/0 تا 91/0 است. جهت بررسی تفاوت در مراحل مختلف نمونه گیری، تفاوت های درون گروهی و برون گروهی، از آزمون های آنالیز تحلیل واریانس (ANOVA)، SPSS، تی وابسته و تی مستقل در سطح معنی داری 05/0≥P استفاده شد. یافته ها: یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که مصرف کوتاه مدت مکمل CoQ10 منجر به عدم تغییر معنی دار CK (19/0P=)، LDH (12/0P=)، توان بی هوازی (17/0P=) و توان هوازی (43/0P=) هر دو گروه ورزشکار و غیر ورزشکار شد. نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی نتایج بیانگر این بودند که سطح آمادگی بدنی (مقایسه ورزشکار یا غیر ورزشکار بودن)، تأثیری در اثر مکمل کوآنزیم Q10 بر توان هوازی، بی هوازی و کوفتگی عضلانی نداشت و هر دو گروه به یک اندازه از مکمل بهره بردند

Effect of Aloe vera on some indicators of cell damage after a period of aerobic exercise in male athletes

Introduction: Aloe vera is a medicinal plant with antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera on some indicators of cell damage after a period of aerobic exercise in male athletes of 15-18 years old. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 20 male students with average weight of 64.85 &plusmn; 51 and height of 172.05 &plusmn; 6.4 were randomly assigned to 2 groups of Aloe vera supplement (n = 10) and placebo (n = 10). Then aerobic training was conducted for 4 weeks. The supplemented group took 3 capsules, each capsule contains 2 g of dried Aloe vera and placebo group took 3 capsules/day containing dextran after every meal. To determine the index of cell injury markers creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive protein C (CRP) were determined and blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after each test. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t test. Significance level was considered as P &le; .05. Results: The use of Aloe vera during aerobic exercise significantly reduced LDH (P = .006) in the supplement group (15 reduction) compared to placebo group and CRP with 11 reduction in the supplement group compared to placebo (P = .008). There was no significant reduction in CK. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that Aloe vera reduces cell damage and inflammation indicators. This result may reflect the role of Aloe vera as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.</p

Determining the effect of aloe Vera and aerobic exercise on lactate de-hydrogenase in male athletes

Aloe Vera is a medicinal plant as antioxidants reduce cell damage and used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe Vera on lactate de-hydrogenase after a period of aerobic exercise in male athletes. Methods This study applied the method according to the nature of the study, based on semi-empirical research and a review of the pre-test, post-test supplements and placebo groups, respectively. In this study,20 male students weight was 64.85 ± .51 and height was 172.05 ± 6.4 were randomly assigned to two groups of Imam Ali College of Physical Education Supplement (n = 10) and placebo (10 people). Then aerobic training was conducted for 4 weeks in the supplemented group were taking 3 capsules, each capsule contains 2 grams of dried Aloe Vera and placebo group were taking 3 capsules containing Dextrin daily after every meal. To determine the index of LDH were used and blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after each test Cooper with student in the lab. To describe data, analytical data, and for the mean and standard deviation of repeated measures ANOVA and independent T-test was used for comparison between groups Significance level was P ≤ 0.05. The use of Aloe Vera during aerobic exercise significantly, cautious reduced LDH (P=0.006) in the supplement group compared to placebo was 15 reduction. Conclusion: Overall the findings of this study showed that Aloe Vera reduces lactate de-hydrogenase. This result may reflect the role of Aloe Vera has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant

Effects of fatigue on electromyography activity of biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of soccer players

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fatigue on electromyography activity of biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of soccer players. Materials and Methods: In this study timing and electromyography activity of biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius and soleus of soccer players (15 subjects) during different times of football were investigated. Surface electromyography (ME6000) was used to collect data during single leg drop (before the game, after the first and the second half time). Results: Results of this study showed that although fatigue affects muscle's timing but in different periods of time it wasn�t significant (P>0.05). Conspiciously, significant differences were observed for feedforward activity of biceps femoris and soleus (P�0.05), but for medial gastrocnemius it wasn't significant (P>0.05). Also significant differences were observed for feedback activity of soleus muscles (P�0.05), but it wasn�t significant for biceps femoris and medial gastrocnemius (P>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that fatigue leads to insignificant changes in timing but there were significant differences for feed forward activity of biceps femoris and soleus and feedback activity of soleus. So, during training sessions, trainers should be trying to improve player's tolerance and prevent soccer injuries. © 2019, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19 : a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached$8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total,$40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this,$13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and$1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4$2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7$1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Effect of exercise interventions on movement performance in Parkinson disease

Background: Parkinson disease is a CNS disease of senile characterized with gradual and progressive muscular rigidity, tremor and the loss of locomotor skills. The aim of the present study was to review the exercise/physical interventions relevant to the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson disease. Materials and Methods: This review was done using a systematic search in Sportdi, PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar cites on papers published during 1995-2013 in the field of training, exercise/movement therapy on Parkinson. Moreover, the review was done in four categories: postural instability, balance performance, quality of life, walking and risk of falling. Results: Despite the diversity in training program, the majority of studies reported significant benefits in addition to the conventional medical treatments on the movement performance in Parkinson's disease. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of exercise in the improvement of different aspects of movement performance among the Parkinson patients, in future the clinicians are required to take special consideration on applying movement therapy along with medical treatments for specific measurements on the biomechanical aspects of the disease

Comparing the radiographic grading scales, knee pain, signs, movement dysfunctions and the quality of life related to osteoarthritis in ex-elite track and field athletes and non-athletes

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic grading scales osteoarthritis, knee pain, signs and movement dysfunctions related to osteoarthritis in daily, sport and recreational activities and also the quality of life between ex-elite track and field athletes and the non-athletes.Materials and Methods: Thirty ex-elite male track and field athletes were purposefully selected and divided into two equal groups (n=15). The clinical and radiological methods (Kellgren-Lawrence) and a global and domestic questionnaire of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) were used to diagnose the disease.Results: Results showed a significant lower mean for movement dysfunctions in sport and recreational activities between athletes and non-athletes (P=0.02). Despite a 30 difference in the mean radiographic grading for osteoarthritis in athletes compared to the non-athletes, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.90). Moreover, the lower mean values for knee pain, signs, movement dysfunctions in daily activities and the quality of life in athletes were 10 (P=0.27), 10 (P=0.09), 12 (P=0.13) and 4 (P=0.90), respectively compared to non-athletes, however, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Participating in track and field competitions at the professional level may improve the movement function of ex-elite athletes