The essence and place of teacher training in the Polish legal system – from the experience of the Centre of Professional Excellence for Teachers in Puławy. Forms of teacher training

W artykule podjęto próbę analizy uwarunkowań systemowego wsparcia doskonalenia zawodowego w polskim systemie oświaty. Omówiono podstawy prawne systemu doskonalenia zawodowego nauczycieli oraz elementy tworzące ten system w Polsce. Ukazano tendencje rozwojowe systemu zarówno w obszarze zdobywania kwalifikacji przez nauczycieli, jak i doskonalenia posiadanej już wiedzy i umiejętności. Podkreślono specyfikę pracy nauczycieli w aspekcie zmian społeczno-gospodarczych i konieczność ciągłego doskonalenia się. Przeprowadzono analizę wyników badań w obszarze potrzeb edukacyjnych środowiska oświatowego w aspekcie preferencji dotyczących form doskonalenia zawodowego w ramach funkcjonowania powiatowej publicznej placówki doskonalenia nauczycieli, co pozwoliło wskazać tendencje i preferencje nauczycieli w obszarze doskonalenia zawodowego.The article attempts to analyze the conditions of the systemic implementation of professional development in the Polish education system. The legal basis of the teacher training system and the elements of this system in Poland were discussed. The development trends of the system were shown both in the area of gaining qualifications by teachers and improving the knowledge and skills already possessed. The specificity of teachers’ work in the aspect of socio-economic changes and the need for continuous improvement were emphasized. An analysis of the research in the area of educational needs of the educational environment was carried out in the aspect of preferences regarding the forms of in-service training within the functioning of the poviat public teacher training institution, which allowed to indicate the tendencies and preferences of teachers in the area of in-service training

Professional training of teachers as a response to the challenges of modern education. From the experience of the Centre for Professional Excellence for Teachers in Puławy

W artykule podjęto próbę analizy współczesnych uwarunkowań i wymagań stawianych profesji nauczyciela. W sposób ogólny omówiono system doskonalenia zawodowego nauczycieli oraz elementy tworzące ten system w Polsce. Ukazano wyzwania stojące przed współczesnym pedagogiem. Podkreślono specyfikę pracy nauczycieli w aspekcie zmian społeczno-gospodarczych i konieczność ciągłego doskonalenia się. Przeprowadzono analizę badań w obszarze potrzeb edukacyjnych środowiska światowego w ramach funkcjonowania powiatowej, publicznej placówki doskonalenia nauczycieli, co pozwoliło wskazać tendencje i preferencje nauczycieli w obszarze doskonalenia zawodowego.The article attempts to analyse the contemporary conditions and requirements for the teaching profession. The teacher training system and the elements that constitute this system in Poland are discussed in general. The challenges faced by the contemporary educator are shown. The specificity of teachers’ work in terms of socio-economic changes and the need for continuous improvement are emphasised. An analysis of research in the area of educational needs of teachers was carried out in the context of the functioning of the public teacher training institution, which allowed to indicate the tendencies and preferences of teachers in the area of professional development

Efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies, sotrovimab and BRII-196 plus BRII-198, for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (TICO): a randomised controlled trial

We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies (sotrovimab [Vir Biotechnology and GlaxoSmithKline] and BRII-196 plus BRII-198 [Brii Biosciences]) for adults admitted to hospital for COVID-19 (hereafter referred to as hospitalised) with COVID-19. In this multinational, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial (Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 [TICO]), adults (aged ≥18 years) hospitalised with COVID-19 at 43 hospitals in the USA, Denmark, Switzerland, and Poland were recruited. Patients were eligible if they had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms for up to 12 days. Using a web-based application, participants were randomly assigned (2:1:2:1), stratified by trial site pharmacy, to sotrovimab 500 mg, matching placebo for sotrovimab, BRII-196 1000 mg plus BRII-198 1000 mg, or matching placebo for BRII-196 plus BRII-198, in addition to standard of care. Each study product was administered as a single dose given intravenously over 60 min. The concurrent placebo groups were pooled for analyses. The primary outcome was time to sustained clinical recovery, defined as discharge from the hospital to home and remaining at home for 14 consecutive days, up to day 90 after randomisation. Interim futility analyses were based on two seven-category ordinal outcome scales on day 5 that measured pulmonary status and extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19. The safety outcome was a composite of death, serious adverse events, incident organ failure, and serious coinfection up to day 90 after randomisation. Efficacy and safety outcomes were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population, defined as all patients randomly assigned to treatment who started the study infusion. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04501978. Between Dec 16, 2020, and March 1, 2021, 546 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to sotrovimab (n=184), BRII-196 plus BRII-198 (n=183), or placebo (n=179), of whom 536 received part or all of their assigned study drug (sotrovimab n=182, BRII-196 plus BRII-198 n=176, or placebo n=178; median age of 60 years [IQR 50–72], 228 [43%] patients were female and 308 [57%] were male). At this point, enrolment was halted on the basis of the interim futility analysis. At day 5, neither the sotrovimab group nor the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group had significantly higher odds of more favourable outcomes than the placebo group on either the pulmonary scale (adjusted odds ratio sotrovimab 1·07 [95% CI 0·74–1·56]; BRII-196 plus BRII-198 0·98 [95% CI 0·67–1·43]) or the pulmonary-plus complications scale (sotrovimab 1·08 [0·74–1·58]; BRII-196 plus BRII-198 1·00 [0·68–1·46]). By day 90, sustained clinical recovery was seen in 151 (85%) patients in the placebo group compared with 160 (88%) in the sotrovimab group (adjusted rate ratio 1·12 [95% CI 0·91–1·37]) and 155 (88%) in the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group (1·08 [0·88–1·32]). The composite safety outcome up to day 90 was met by 48 (27%) patients in the placebo group, 42 (23%) in the sotrovimab group, and 45 (26%) in the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group. 13 (7%) patients in the placebo group, 14 (8%) in the sotrovimab group, and 15 (9%) in the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group died up to day 90. Neither sotrovimab nor BRII-196 plus BRII-198 showed efficacy for improving clinical outcomes among adults hospitalised with COVID-19. US National Institutes of Health and Operation Warp Spee