20 research outputs found
Acute pancreatitis in children
Akutni pankreatitis je bolest koja se sve ÄeÅ”Äe dijagnosticira u djeÄjoj dobi. Postoje znaÄajne razlike izmeÄu akutnog pankreatitisa u djece i odraslih; bolesti se razlikuju u etiologiji,prirodnom tijeku i prognozi. Ipak, danaÅ”nji pristup bolesti i njenom lijeÄenju zasniva se uglavnom na istraživanjima u odraslih osoba. U tijeku su brojna istraživanja koja za cilj imaju rasvijetliti znaÄajke bolesti djeÄje dobi. U ovom Älanku donosimo danaÅ”nje spoznaje o etiopatogenezi, dijagnostici, lijeÄenju i prognozi akutne upale guÅ”teraÄe u djeÄjoj dobi.Acute pancreatitis is a disease that is becoming increasingly recognized in the pediatric population. There are numerous differences between the pediatric and adult disease, including etiology, natural history and prognosis. Nevertheless, the current approach to the
disease and its treatment is mostly based on adult studies. Currently, many studies are aimed at finding the characteristics of the pediatric type of the disease. In this review we summarize
the current concepts on the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pediatric acute pancreatitis
Functional abdominal pain disorders ā how not to excess with diagnosis?
Uvod i cilj. PonavljajuÄa bol u trbuhu Äest je poremeÄaj razvojne dobi pa se procjenjuje kako 10%ā 14% djece i adolescenata ima takve smetnje. U svakodnevnom radu kao dijagnoza najÄeÅ”Äe se koriste recidivni, kroniÄni ili, u novije vrijeme, funkcionalni bolovi u trbuhu. Pri postavljanju dijagnoze funkcionalnih bolova u trbuhu najviÅ”e nam mogu pomoÄi Rimski IV kriteriji. NajÄeÅ”Äi funkcionalni poremeÄaji gastrointestinalnog trakta su funkcionalna abdominalna bol (bol koja nije drugaÄije objaÅ”njena ā FAP poremeÄaj i FAP sindrom), funkcionalna dispepsija, sindrom iritabilnog crijeva, abdominalna migrena. Metode. Pregledna je literatura u citatnoj bazi PubMed od 2000. do 2021. godine. KljuÄne rijeÄi su bile funkcionalni bolovi u trbuhu, djeca, dijagnoza, lijeÄenje. Rezultati. Pregledom navoda iz literature i objavljenih postupnika date su preporuke za dijagnostiku i lijeÄenje funkcionalnih bolova u trbuhu u djece i adolescenata. ZakljuÄci. Uvažavanjem predloženih postupnika i primjenom u svakodnevnom radu omoguÄeno je brže i lakÅ”e postavljanje dijagnoze funkcionalnih bolova. Preporuke su namijenjene lijeÄnicima primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite, specijalizantima kao i svim pedijatrima. Primjenom postupnika izbjegavaju se nepotrebni dijagnostiÄki pregledi, skraÄuje se vrijeme postavljanja dijagnoze, umanjuje zabrinutost roditelja kao i pritisak na zdravstveni sustav.Introduction and goal. Recurrent abdominal pain is a common developmental disorder, and it is estimated that 10%ā14% of children and adolescents have such disorders. Recurrent, chronic or, more recently, functional abdominal pain is most often used diagnosis in everyday work. Roman IV criteria can help us the most in diagnosing functional abdominal pain. The most common functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are functional abdominal pain (pain that is not explained differently ā FAP disorder and FAP syndrome), functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal migraine. Methods. The literature in the PubMed citation database from 2000 to 2021 is reviewed. The key words were functional abdominal pain, children, diagnosis, treatment. Results. A review of literature citations and published procedures provide recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional abdominal pain in children and adolescents. Conclusions. Respecting the proposed procedures and applying them in everyday work, it is possible to diagnose functional pain faster and easier. The recommendations are intended for primary care physicians, specialists and all pediatricians
Osteoporosis in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Upalna bolest crijeva obuhvaÄa Crohnovu bolest, ulcerozni kolitis i nediferencirani
kolitis, a u 25 % oboljelih javlja se prije 20. godine života. Osteoporoza je komplikacija upalne
bolesti crijeva Äija je glavna kliniÄki važna manifestacija poveÄan rizik za prijelome. U bolesnika
djeÄje i odrasle dobi s upalnom boleÅ”Äu crijeva uÄestalost osteopenije i osteoporoze je do
70 %. GustoÄu kostiju procjenjujemo kvantitativnom kompjutoriziranom tomografijom, kvantitativnom
ultrasonografijom i osteodenzitometrijom. Osteodenzitometrija je zlatni standard u
procjeni koÅ”tane gustoÄe. U djece s upalnom bolesti crijeva osnovni uzroci osteoporoze su
pothranjenost, kortikosteroidna terapija i poviÅ”ena razina proupalnih Äimbenika. LijeÄenje
osteoporoze u djece temelji se na smanjenju ili eliminaciji faktora rizika na koje se može utjecati.
To su adekvatan, za dob odgovarajuÄi unos kalcija i vitamina D, optimalna tjelesna masa,
dostatno kretanje, ispravak svakog hormonalnog poremeÄaja te ublažavanje podliježeÄe bolesti.
Farmakoterapija se koristi onda kada opÄe mjere lijeÄenja nisu dovele do poboljÅ”anja, a u
djece u obzir dolaze samo bisfosfonati. Odluka o farmakoterapiji uvijek je individualna.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis and
indeterminate colitis and 25 % of patients present before 20 years of age. Osteoporosis is a
well known complication of inflammatory bowel disease, the main clinically important manifestation
of which is fracture. In children and adults with inflammatory bowel disease the rate
of osteopenia and osteoporosis is up to 70 %. Bone mineral density is evaluated by quantitative
computed tomography, quantitative ultrasonography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DEXA). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the āgolden standardā in bone mineral density
evaluation. In children with IBD main causes of osteoporosis are malnutrition, corticosteroid
therapy and elevated levels of proinflammatory factors. The principles of osteoporosis treatment
in children are minimizing or eliminating changeable risk factors. These are adequate
calcium and vitamin D uptake according to the patientās age, optimal body mass, adequate
exercise, and correction of hormonal imbalance and treatment of underlying disease. Pharmacotherapy
is used only when general measures were not successful, and only bisphosphonates
can be used in children. The approach to the pharmacotherapy is always individual
Rapunzel syndrome ā a rare cause of acute pancreatitis: case report
Cilj: Osvijestiti o moguÄnosti postojanja sindroma Rapunzel u adolescentica s akutnim pankreatitisom. Prikaz sluÄaja: U hitnu pedijatrijsku ambulantu javila se petnaestogodiÅ”nja djevojka zbog povremenih bolova u gornjem dijelu abdomena koji su se intenzivirali par dana pred dolazak. Prilikom fizikalnog pregleda naÄena je u epigastriju i lijevom hipohondriju bolna rezistencija veliÄine otprilike 10 cm u promjeru. Opsežnom laboratorijskom analizom naÅ”le su se poviÅ”ene koncentracije enzima guÅ”teraÄe te se postavila dijagnoza akutnog pankreatitisa. Daljnjom obradom indicirala se gastroskopija kojom se prikazala masa kose na ulazu u želudac. Kompjutoriziranom tomografijom uoÄilo se da ona seže sve do bulbusa duodenuma. Nakon provedenog konzervativnog lijeÄenja pankreatitisa abdominalni bolovi su regredirali, doÅ”lo je do normalizacije enzima guÅ”teraÄe te je bilo indicirano operativno lijeÄenje. UÄinila se eksplorativna laparotomija i gastrotomija. Ekstirpirao se trihobezoar težine 1 kg i dužine 25 cm oblika odljeva lumena želuca i poÄetnog dijela duodenuma. Postavila se dijagnoza sindroma Rapunzel. DjeÄji psihijatar potvrdio je prisutnu trihotilomaniju i trihofagiju te se djevojku ukljuÄilo u psihoterapijski tretman. ZakljuÄak: Sindrom Rapunzel vrlo je rijetko stanje, ali treba biti ukljuÄeno u diferencijalnu dijagnozu akutnog pankreatitisa u adolescenata. SpecifiÄni simptomi trihotilomanije i trihofagije u kombinaciji s nespecifiÄnim simptomima, poput dugotrajnog bola u abdomenu, trebali bi pobuditi sumnju na razvoj trihobezoara.Aim: To raise awareness about the existence of Rapunzel syndrome in female adolescents with acute pancreatitis. Case report: A 15-year-old girl came to the emergency pediatric clinic due to the occasional pain in the upper abdomen, which had intensified a few days before her arrival. During physical examination, a painful resistance of approximately 10 cm in diameter was palpated in the epigastrium and the right hypochondrium. Extensive laboratory analysis revealed raised concentrations of pancreatic enzymes so a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made. Further examination indicated gastroscopy, which showed a mass of hair at the entrance to the stomach. Computed tomography revealed that the mass reached all the way to the duodenal bulbus. After the conservative treatment of pancreatitis, the abdominal pain regresses and the pancreatic enzymes returned to normal so the operative treatment was indicated. Exploratory laparotomy and gastrotomy were performed. A kilogram heavy and 25 cm long trichobezoar in the shape of the gastric lumen and the initial part of the duodenum were exploited. Rapunzel syndrome was diagnosed. The child psychiatrist confirmed the presence of trichotillomania and trichophagia, so the girl was referred to the psychotherapy treatment. Conclusion: Rapunzel syndrome is a very rare condition but should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in adolescents. Specific symptoms of trichotillomania and trichophagia in combination with non-specific symptoms such as prolonged abdominal pain should raise the suspicion of the development of trichobezoars
Habit cough ā cause or consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease?
Cilj: prikaz 15-godiÅ”njeg pacijenta upuÄenog u naÅ”u Kliniku radi kroniÄnog kaÅ”lja i ezofagitisa. Prikaz sluÄaja: PetnaestogodiÅ”nji mladiÄ patio je od dugotrajnog kaÅ”lja uz koji su se javljale i poteÅ”koÄe gutanja. DijagnostiÄkom obradom postavljena je dijagnoza gastroezofagealne refluksne bolesti (engl. gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD) i patohistoloÅ”ki dokazanog ezofagitisa koji se na provedeno lijeÄenje znaÄajno smanjuju, ali kaÅ”alj ostaje nepromijenjen. PulmoloÅ”kom i psihijatrijskom obradom postavljena je dijagnoza psihogenog kaÅ”lja te je zapoÄeto psihoterapijsko lijeÄenje na Å”to dolazi do smanjenja mladiÄevih tegoba. ZakljuÄak: GERD se prezentira Å”irokim spektrom ezofagealnih i ekstraezofagealnih simptoma od kojih je znaÄajan i kroniÄni kaÅ”alj. MeÄutim, kaÅ”alj druge etiologije poput psihogenog kaÅ”lja može biti i uzrok GERD-u Å”to diferencijalnodijagnostiÄki moramo razmotriti kod bolesnika u kojih medikamentozna terapija nije dovela do poboljÅ”anja.Aim: Presentation of 15-year-old patient admitted to our Clinic because of chronic cough and esophagitis. Case report: A 15-year-old boy suffers from chronic cough along with swallowing difficulties. Diagnostic workup has been performed and a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with pathohistologically proven esophagitis has been made with significant improvement after completion of therapy, but cough stayed unchanged. The boy was examined by pulmologist and psychiatrist and they made a diagnosis of habitual cough; psychotherapy was started and resulted in improvement of symptoms. Conclusion: GERD presents with a broad spectrum of esophageal and extraeosphageal symptoms with chronic cough as an important one. Nevertheless, a cough from different origin, such as habitual cough, may cause GERD which must be included in differential diagnosis of patients to whom pharmacological treatment failed to help
Is There a Role of Using a Rapid Finger Prick Antibody Test in Screening for Celiac Disease in Children?
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Despite the increasing prevalence of CD, many patients remain undiagnosed. Standard serology tests are expensive and invasive, so several point-of-care tests (POC) for CD have been developed. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CD in first-grade pupils in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia, using a POC test.
A Biocard celiac test that detects IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase in whole blood was used to screen for celiac disease in healthy first-grade children born in 2011 and 2012 who consumed gluten without restrictions.
1478 children were tested, and none of them were tested positive with a rapid test. In 10 children (0,6%), IgA deficiency has been suspected; only 4 of them agreed to be tested further for total IgA, anti-tTG, and anti-DGP antibodies. IgA deficiency was confirmed in 3 patients, and in all 4 children, CD has been excluded.
Our results have not confirmed the usefulness of the POC test in screening the general population of first-grade schoolchildren. Further research is needed to establish the true epidemiology of CD in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and to confirm the value of the rapid test in comparison with standard antibody CD testing
The Role of Probiotics in Common Paediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases
The aim of this paper is to specify the use of clinically proven probiotics
in common pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. The PubMed
and Cochrane Library databases were searched in May and June 2018,
using the following key words: āprobioticsā, āchildrenā, āantibiotic
associated diarrheaā, āacute gastroenteritisā, and āfunctional gastrointestinal
disordersā. Only studies published in English and published
data were considered. The search included clinical trials, systematic
reviews, guidelines and recommendations for clinical practice, and
only relevant, high-quality and recent data were taken into account.
Probiotics in general are nowadays used for numerous clinical indications
and there is also a very large and still growing number of papers
addressing this issue. Conclusion ā According to current knowledge,
two probiotic strains are recommended for antibiotic associated diarrhea
prevention and treatment of acute gastroenteritis, LGG and S.
boulardii. For the strain L. reuteri DSM 17938 there is a weak recommendation
for treatment of acute gastroenteritis. There are still not
enough data to recommend the use of probiotics in pediatric functional
gastrointestinal disorders, with the exception of L. reuteri DSM
17938 for treatment of infantile colic in breastfed infants
Prevencija poremeÄaja hranjenja
PoremeÄaji hranjenja (PH) ozbiljan su zdravstveni problem koji pogaÄa sve viÅ”e djevojaka i mladih žena. Istraživanja pokazuju potrebu za mnogo snažnijim programima, posebno usmjerenima na dublje ukljuÄivanje sudionika u kritiÄku analizu zapadne kulture te rad na promjenama okolinskih Äimbenika koji pogoduju nastanku negativne slike tijela i ostalih riziÄnih Äimbenika u razvoju poremeÄaja hranjenja. LijeÄnik primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite mora pomoÄi djeci i obitelji u usvajanju osnova pravilne prehrane te odgovarajuÄe tjelesne aktivnosti naglaÅ”avajuÄi Å”tetnost ograniÄavajuÄih dijetalnih naÄina prehrane. Uloga lijeÄnika primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite u ranom prepoznavanje poremeÄaja hranjenja je neprocjenjiva. OpÄenit, sveobuhvatan program za prevenciju PH trebao bi ukljuÄivati: 1. izobrazbu osoblja; 2. programe za prevenciju PH za starije razrede osnovne Å”kole i srednjoÅ”kolce; 3. integraciju edukacijskog materijala u postojeÄi Å”kolski program; 4. pojedinaÄna savjetovanja i rad u malim skupinama za riziÄne skupine adolescenata; 5. sustav uÄinkovitog obavjeÅ”Äivanja unutar Å”kole te izmeÄu Å”kole i lokalne zdravstvene službe; 6. omoguÄavanje Å”to kvalitetnije Å”kolske prehrane; 7. promjene u nastavi tjelesno zdravstvene kulture te sportskim klubovima kojima bi se omoguÄavala odgovarajuÄa tjelesna aktivnost za sve uÄenike i studente te politika kojom bi se sprjeÄavale izrazite promjene tjelesne mase. Ovaj pregled jasno pokazuje da preventivni programi imaju pozitivan kratkoroÄni uÄinak na znanje, pojedine aspekte slike tijela, ali i neka ponaÅ”anja vezana za hranjenje. MeÄutim, održavanje dugoroÄnih promjena u stavovima i ponaÅ”anjima, kao i ostvarivanje punoga uÄinka preventivnih programa, ostaje joÅ” uvijek cilj kojemu se teži
Prevencija poremeÄaja hranjenja
PoremeÄaji hranjenja (PH) ozbiljan su zdravstveni problem koji pogaÄa sve viÅ”e djevojaka i mladih žena. Istraživanja pokazuju potrebu za mnogo snažnijim programima, posebno usmjerenima na dublje ukljuÄivanje sudionika u kritiÄku analizu zapadne kulture te rad na promjenama okolinskih Äimbenika koji pogoduju nastanku negativne slike tijela i ostalih riziÄnih Äimbenika u razvoju poremeÄaja hranjenja. LijeÄnik primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite mora pomoÄi djeci i obitelji u usvajanju osnova pravilne prehrane te odgovarajuÄe tjelesne aktivnosti naglaÅ”avajuÄi Å”tetnost ograniÄavajuÄih dijetalnih naÄina prehrane. Uloga lijeÄnika primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite u ranom prepoznavanje poremeÄaja hranjenja je neprocjenjiva. OpÄenit, sveobuhvatan program za prevenciju PH trebao bi ukljuÄivati: 1. izobrazbu osoblja; 2. programe za prevenciju PH za starije razrede osnovne Å”kole i srednjoÅ”kolce; 3. integraciju edukacijskog materijala u postojeÄi Å”kolski program; 4. pojedinaÄna savjetovanja i rad u malim skupinama za riziÄne skupine adolescenata; 5. sustav uÄinkovitog obavjeÅ”Äivanja unutar Å”kole te izmeÄu Å”kole i lokalne zdravstvene službe; 6. omoguÄavanje Å”to kvalitetnije Å”kolske prehrane; 7. promjene u nastavi tjelesno zdravstvene kulture te sportskim klubovima kojima bi se omoguÄavala odgovarajuÄa tjelesna aktivnost za sve uÄenike i studente te politika kojom bi se sprjeÄavale izrazite promjene tjelesne mase. Ovaj pregled jasno pokazuje da preventivni programi imaju pozitivan kratkoroÄni uÄinak na znanje, pojedine aspekte slike tijela, ali i neka ponaÅ”anja vezana za hranjenje. MeÄutim, održavanje dugoroÄnih promjena u stavovima i ponaÅ”anjima, kao i ostvarivanje punoga uÄinka preventivnih programa, ostaje joÅ” uvijek cilj kojemu se teži