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Table_4_cpubi4 Is Essential for Development and Virulence in Chestnut Blight Fungus.XLSX

<p>Ubiquitination plays key roles in eukaryotic growth, stress adaptation, and metabolic regulation. In our previous work, ubiquitin was found to be secreted in the hypovirus-infected strain of Cryphonectria parasitica, a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus responsible for the chestnut blight. Here we report the functional and molecular characterization of a polyubiquitin gene, cpubi4, in C. parasitica. The expression of cpubi4 was upregulated by the infection of a hypovirus. Deletion of cpubi4 resulted in abnormal morphology, reduced sporulation, attenuation of virulence, and significant reduction in ubiquitination. A total of 378 sites in 236 proteins were identified to be significantly decreased in ubiquitination in the absence of cpubi4. Quantitative proteome analysis revealed that 285 in 4,776 identified proteins changed in abundance (1.5-fold, P < 0.05) in the cpubi4 null mutant, as compared with the wild-type strain.</p

Data_Sheet_1_cpubi4 Is Essential for Development and Virulence in Chestnut Blight Fungus.DOCX

<p>Ubiquitination plays key roles in eukaryotic growth, stress adaptation, and metabolic regulation. In our previous work, ubiquitin was found to be secreted in the hypovirus-infected strain of Cryphonectria parasitica, a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus responsible for the chestnut blight. Here we report the functional and molecular characterization of a polyubiquitin gene, cpubi4, in C. parasitica. The expression of cpubi4 was upregulated by the infection of a hypovirus. Deletion of cpubi4 resulted in abnormal morphology, reduced sporulation, attenuation of virulence, and significant reduction in ubiquitination. A total of 378 sites in 236 proteins were identified to be significantly decreased in ubiquitination in the absence of cpubi4. Quantitative proteome analysis revealed that 285 in 4,776 identified proteins changed in abundance (1.5-fold, P < 0.05) in the cpubi4 null mutant, as compared with the wild-type strain.</p

Table_2_cpubi4 Is Essential for Development and Virulence in Chestnut Blight Fungus.XLSX

<p>Ubiquitination plays key roles in eukaryotic growth, stress adaptation, and metabolic regulation. In our previous work, ubiquitin was found to be secreted in the hypovirus-infected strain of Cryphonectria parasitica, a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus responsible for the chestnut blight. Here we report the functional and molecular characterization of a polyubiquitin gene, cpubi4, in C. parasitica. The expression of cpubi4 was upregulated by the infection of a hypovirus. Deletion of cpubi4 resulted in abnormal morphology, reduced sporulation, attenuation of virulence, and significant reduction in ubiquitination. A total of 378 sites in 236 proteins were identified to be significantly decreased in ubiquitination in the absence of cpubi4. Quantitative proteome analysis revealed that 285 in 4,776 identified proteins changed in abundance (1.5-fold, P < 0.05) in the cpubi4 null mutant, as compared with the wild-type strain.</p

Variable importance of soil and climatic factors influencing SOC contents using RF.

Y axis (blue column) represents and X axis are individual climatic factors. Blue column represents individual importance.</p

Spatial distribution of sampling sites of SOC across Bijie City.

Spatial distribution of sampling sites of SOC across Bijie City.</p

S1 Data -

Soil organic carbon (SOC) contributes the most significant portion of carbon storage in the terrestrial ecosystem. The potential for variability in carbon losses from soil can lead to severe consequences such as climate change. While extensive studies have been conducted to characterize how land cover type, soil texture, and topography impact the distribution of SOC stocks across different ecosystems, little is known about in Karst Region. Here, we characterized SOC stocks with intensive sampling at the local scale (495 representative samples) via Random Forest Regression (RF) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Our findings revealed significant differences in SOC stock among land cover types, with croplands exhibiting the lowest SOC stocks, indicating that management practices could play a crucial role in SOC stocks. Conversely, there was little correlation between SOC stock and clay percentage, suggesting that soil texture was not a primary factor influencing SOC at a local scale. Further, Annual Precipitation was identified as the key driving factor for the dynamics of SOC stocks with the help of RF and PCA. A substantial SOC deficit was observed in most soils in this study, as evaluated by a SOC/clay ratio, indicating a significant potential in SOC sequestration with practical measures in the karst region. As such, future research focused on simulating SOC dynamics in the context of climate change should consider the controlling factors at a local scale and summarize them carefully during the up-scaling process.</div

Volumetric contents of sand, silt, and clay of soils at different land cover types in our study area.

Volumetric contents of sand, silt, and clay of soils at different land cover types in our study area.</p

Fig 5 -

SOC content (i), clay content (ii), and SOC/clay ratio (iii) at different land cover types. Horizontal lines are SOC/clay thresholds: Short Dot = 1/8, Dash = 1/10, Dash Dot Dot = 1/13.</p

Fig 2 -

Relationship between SOC and TN content (i), SOC stock variations (ii), and TN (iii) at different land cover types. The dotted line in (i) represents the correlation between SOC and TN at the regional scale (p < 0.05).</p