The oral mucosal and salivary microbial community of Behçet's syndrome and recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a multisystem immune-related disease of unknown etiology. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by the presence of idiopathic oral ulceration without extraoral manifestation. The interplay between the oral microbial communities and the immune response could play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of both BS and RAS

Activity Linking in Industrial Networks

The ways in which industrial activities are undertaken and linked have profound implications for organizational performance. The linking of activities is therefore a phenomenon which, in various shapes and forms, has been of ample concern to both academic scholars and industrial practitioners. Recent developments of practice, such as just-in-time deliveries and build-to-order production, make activity linking increasingly significant. In addition, owing to enhanced outsourcing, activity linking increasingly crosses firm boundaries. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the basic principles for activity linking in the current industrial context.The framework of the study builds on the Industrial Network Approach, distinguishing between three layers of business life: activities, resources and actors. The research questions derived from this approach concern (i) the interrelatedness between activity interdependencies and adjustments, (ii) the roles of enabling and object resources in the linking of activities, (iii) the roles of action, reaction and interaction in the linking of activities, and (iv) how interaction can be used in the analysis of the interplay between the actions and reactions of individual actors.Empirically, the thesis consists of a single case study from the construction industry, with three embedded cases. The linking of activities in the cases is illustrated and investigated in terms of three central activity dimensions: activity configurations, activity structures and activity patterns. On the basis of this analysis, a conceptual scheme for the analysis of activity linking is developed. The tools in this scheme explore the connections between activities, resources and actors, as represented in the research questions. The scheme takes the individual activity as well as the links between activities into account, and applies both a structural (linking in space) and a dynamic perspective (linking in time).The concluding discussion applies the tools in the conceptual scheme in order to analyse how adjustments propagate among activities in industrial networks. It thus discusses activity linking in both space and time, and in relation to resources and actors

Activity Interdependence in Industrial Networks - Exploring the Structural Interconnectedness of Activities and Resources

Industrial activities are never undertaken in isolation, but need to be connected to each other in order to enable the production,exchange and use of industrial products and services, and related processes. This paper focuses on this connectedness by exploring upon the interdependence existing between individual activities.Three existing interdependency typologies are drawn upon, represented in Thompson (1967), Richardson (1972), and H\ue5kansson et al (2009). All these have been extensively used in relation to the Industrial Network Approach (INA), and are subsequently recog- nized as relevant starting points for further exploration. The four alternative interdependency types presented in this paper enable the description and subsequent analysis of how activities connect in industrial networks. In relation to the existing typologies within the INA, these alternative types do not only enable an increased specification of how activities actually connect to each other. They also draw upon an underlying principle of the network model (H\ue5kansson, 1987) by exploring upon one network dimension, resources, in the analysis of another dimension, activities

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Dagens byggnad \ue4r ett system d\ue4r klimatskalet, i form av v\ue4ggar, tak och golv, samverkar med ventilationen och uppv\ue4rmningen. I en v\ue4l fungerande byggnad kr\ue4vs kontroll p\ue5 luftr\uf6relserna. Att bygga som f\uf6rr – men leva som i dag – \ue4r ingen s\ue4ker l\uf6sning. Luftboken – Luftr\uf6relser och t\ue4thet i byggnader beskriver p\ue5 ett informativt och l\ue4ttillg\ue4ngligt s\ue4tt hur luftr\uf6relser och t\ue4thet p\ue5verkar byggnadens best\ue4ndighet, energieffektivitet och innemilj\uf6

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Frisk luft och hur den tas in och ut i v\ue5ra byggnader \ue4r avg\uf6rande f\uf6r en god innemilj\uf6 och f\uf6r en v\ue4l fungerande byggnad. Att bygga f\uf6r r\ue4tt luftr\uf6relser \ue4r av st\uf6rsta vikt. En rad skador (till exempel fukt och m\uf6gel) och ol\ue4genheter (till exempel energif\uf6rluster och drag) orsakas av bristande luftt\ue4thet och o\uf6nskade luftr\uf6relse