Significance of CMV-seropositivity in the alterations of CD4+ T-cell subsets and expression of their phenotyping markers in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

زمینه و هدف: لوسمی لنفوسیتی مزمن سلول B (B-CLL) یک بیماری بدخیم لنفوسیت های B است که همراه با تغییرات متعددی در لنفوسیت های T غیر بدخیم می باشد. با توجه به اینکه آنتی ژن های ویروسی می توانند تغییرات قابل توجهی در لنفوسیت های T ایجاد نمایند و سیتومگالوویروس (CMV) در افراد پیر سالم باعث تغییرات گوناگون در لنفوسیت های T بوده است، لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین تغییرات این سلول ها و CMV در بیماران CLL انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعۀ توصیفی -تحلیلی 79 بیمار مبتلا به B-CLL وارد مطالعه شدند (41 بیمار CMV+ و 38 بیمار CMV-). بررسی زیر گروه های لنفوسیت های T و تعیین فنوتیپ سلول ها با استفاده از آنتی بادی های منوکلونال و فلوسایتومتری انجام شد. ترشح سیتوکسین ها پس از تحریک آنتی ژنیک و کشت کوتاه مدت و سپس با روش رنگ آمیزی داخل سلولی سیتوکین ها تعیین گردید. از آزمون آماری من ویتنی جهت مقایسه دو گروه استفاده شد. یافته ها: در بیماران CMV+، زیر گروه لنفوسیت های CD8+ (Cluster of differentiation) و CD4+ CD8dim به صورت معنی داری نسبت به بیماران CMV- بیشتر بود (001/0

In Vitro Evaluation of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Epstein Barr Virus

This study was conducted to measure cell-mediated immune response in healthy Epstein Barr virus (EBV)–seropositive individuals using a tissue culture "growth inhibition" assay (regression assay) where peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were tested for their ability to inhibit the outgrowth of the autologous lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Inhibition of the outgrowth of the autologous LCLs was seen after 4 weeks by the addition of PBLs from healthy EBV seropositive donors. The regression phenomenon was never seen when the donors of peripheral blood lymphocytes were EBV- seronegative. Regression assay showed that EBV- specific memory T cells were stable in healthy EBV seropositive over many years, which indicates the persistent nature of EBV infection

An overview of current knowledge in biological functions and potential theragnostic applications of exosomes

Exosomes are cup-shaped structures, made of two lipid layers. Their size is in the range of 30–150 nm. Exosomes are excreted to the extracellular space and function in local and systemic cellular communication. Based on their primary origins, they can contain substantial amounts of RNA, protein, and miRNA; the horizontal transfer of these contents significantly determines the exosome's biological effects. The endosomal origins of exosomes can be deduced based on their surface protein markers. The use of exosomes as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic tool, has numerous advantages because they do not pose risks such as aneuploidy and transplant rejection. This - overview highlights the recent findings in exosome development and current knowledge in exosome-based therapies. Keywords:Extracellular vesicles, Exosomes, Clinical application

The effect of 10-week aerobic training with and without ginger supplementation on aerobic power, BFP, and insulin resistance in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes

Background and aims: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with diseases. The use of supplements, herbal extracts, and exercise training for the treatment of diseases and metabolic disorders has increased among people. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 10-week aerobic training with and without ginger supplementation on aerobic power, BFP, and insulin resistance in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this study, 46 obese diabetic women (BMI > 30, blood fasting sugar more than 150-250 mg/dL, 45-60 years old) were selected and randomly assigned into four groups, ginger (n=12), aerobic exercise training + ginger (n=12), aerobic exercise training (n=12) and control (n=10). Participants in supplementary groups received four 250 mg capsules ginger extract 1000 mg daily for 10 weeks. Aerobic training program included 10 weeks of training, 3 sessions per week and each session was 60 minutes at 55 maximum heart rate during the first week and gradually increased with the progress of the training program to 75 percent of maximum heart rate. Results: After 10 weeks, significant difference was observed in weight, BMI, body composition, VO2max, Insulin, fasting glucose and insulin resistance (P<0.05). In the within group changes was observed significant decrease in insulin levels and insulin resistance was in the aerobic exercise training + ginger group (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to obtained results, it appears that aerobic training plus ginger extract consumption have better effect on insulin levels and insulin resistance in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes

Association of the p53 Codon 72 Polymorphism with Colorectal Cancer in South West of Iran

Abstract—The p53 tumor suppressor gene plays two important roles in genomic stability: blocking cell proliferation after DNA damage until it has been repaired, and starting apoptosis if the damage is too critical. Codon 72 exon4 polymorphism (Arg72Pro) of the P53 gene has been implicated in cancer risk. Various studies have been done to investigate the status of p53 at codon 72 for arginine (Arg) and proline (Pro) alleles in different populations and also the association of this codon 72 polymorphism with various tumors. Our objective was to investigate the possible association between P53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer among Isfahan and Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari (a part of south west of Iran) population. We investigated the status of p53 at codon 72 for Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro allele polymorphisms in blood samples from 145 colorectal cancer patients and 140 controls by Nested-PCR of p53 exon 4 and digestion with BstUI restriction enzyme and the DNA fragments were then resolved by electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel. The Pro allele was 279 bp, while the Arg allele was restricted into two fragments of 160 and 119 bp. Among the 145 colorectal cancer cases 49 cases (33.79%) were homozygous for the Arg72 allele (Arg/Arg), 18 cases (12.41%) were homozygous for the Pro72 allele (Pro/Pro) and 78 cases (53.8%) found in heterozygous (Arg/Pro). In conclusion, it can be said that p53Arg/Arg genotype may be correlated with possible increased risk of this kind of cancers in south west of Ira

A Compressive Sensing Based Compressed Neural Network for Sound Source Localization

Microphone arrays are today employed to specify the sound source locations in numerous real time applications such as speech processing in large rooms or acoustic echo cancellation. Signal sources may exist in the near field or far field with respect to the microphones. Current Neural Networks (NNs) based source localization approaches assume far field narrowband sources. One of the important limitations of these NN-based approaches is making balance between computational complexity and the development of NNs; an architecture that is too large or too small will affect the performance in terms of generalization and computational cost. In the previous analysis, saliency subject has been employed to determine the most suitable structure, however, it is time-consuming and the performance is not robust. In this paper, a family of new algorithms for compression of NNs is presented based on Compressive Sampling (CS) theory. The proposed framework makes it possible to find a sparse structure for NNs, and then the designed neural network is compressed by using CS. The key difference between our algorithm and the state-of-the-art techniques is that the mapping is continuously done using the most effective features; therefore, the proposed method has a fast convergence. The empirical work demonstrates that the proposed algorithm is an effective alternative to traditional methods in terms of accuracy and computational complexity

Phytopharmacology and phytotherapy of regulatory T cells: A new approach to treat multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder of central nervous system characterized by demyelination, inflammation, and axonal injury. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been defined as CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T-cells that play a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases. Dysfunction and decreased numbers of Tregs may lead to MS. Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched using the Endnote software for the publications about the role of Tregs in MS published from 2000 to February 2016. The medicinal plants and their derivatives, including Hypericum perforatum, Astragalus membranaceus, Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, curcumin, resveratrol, matrine, Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsule, and Hyungbangpaedok-san have been reported to regulate the function of Tregs in MS. The medicinal plants and their derivatives reported in this study might be useful for upregulation of Tregs through suppressing the activation of autoreactive T cells and hence controlling MS. They should be investigated in clinical trials to help to prevent and treat MS

A potential hypothesis for 2019-nCoV infection therapy through delivery of recombinant ACE2 by red blood cell-hitchhiking

A novel infectious disease, caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is responsible for the recent outbreak of severe respiratory disease. The 2019-nCoV spread rapidly and reaching epidemic proportions in many countries of the world. ACE2 was identified as a key receptor for 2019-nCoV infections. Excessive form of soluble ACE2 rescues cellular ACE2 activity which has a protective role in acute lung failure and neutralizes the virus. The short half-life of ACE2 is a major limitation to its practical application. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are one of the most widely investigated approaches for developing novel therapies for a variety of diseases. Nevertheless, nanoparticles suffer from the rapid removal from the bloodstream by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). A noncovalent attachment of nanoparticles to RBCs increases their half-life in blood and allows transient accumulation in the lungs, while decreases their uptake by the liver and spleen. Connecting the recombinant ACE2 into the surface of nanoparticles that were attached to RBCs can be a potential therapeutic approach for 2019-nCoV infection through increasing their lung targeting to naturalize the virus and also acting as a bioreactor in the blood circulation to decrease serum level of Angiotensin II and protects lungs from injury/ARDS

Suppressive effects of medicinal plants and their derivatives on inflammasome complex: A systematic review

Inflammasome activation is mediated by (NOD)-like receptors (NLR) proteins that respond to stimuli. Among NLRs, NACHT-LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) senses the widest array of stimuli. NLRP3 inflammasome has an important role in the development of many inflammation disorders. Regarding the significance of inflammatory diseases, and the necessity of preventing and treating these diseases, the aim of this review article is to report medicinal plants and their nature-based derivatives that are effective on suppression of inflammasome complex. Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched using the Endnote software for the publications about the role herbal medicine in inflammasome activation pathways from 2000 to February 2016. Sophora flavescens, Lyciumbarbarum, Impatiens textori Miq., Syneilesis palmata (Thunb.), Aloe vera, citral (3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal), celastrol, sulforaphane, schisandrin, resveratrol, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DHCA), luteoloside, Pulsatilla decoction, and Wuling San have been reported to suppression function of inflammasome. Medicinal plants and their derivatives can be useful for inflammation related disorders by suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, they should be investigated in clinical trials to help to prevent and treatment of inflammatory diseases