Effect of communication skills training using the calgary-cambridge model on interviewing skills among midwifery students: A randomized controlled trial

Background: An effective interview can strengthen the clinician-patient relationship and improve treatment outcomes. We aimed to assess the effect of communication skills training using the Calgary-Cambridge model on interviewing skills among midwifery students. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 30 midwifery students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned through minimization into the intervention (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups in 2018. The routine interventions were administered for the control group, and four sessions of communication skills training based on the Calgary-Cambridge model was performed in small groups for the intervention group. Evan and colleague's History-taking Rating Scale was used before and four weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired and independent-sample t and Mann-Whitney U tests at the significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The mean (SD) scores of interviewing skill before and after the intervention was 33.71 (7.34) and 54.50 (8.16), respectively, in the intervention group (t 13 = 9.26, p < 0.001) and 33.64 (6.02) and 33.93 (5.39) in the control group, respectively (p = 0.85). The difference between the two groups was significant (t 26 = 7.86, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Communication skills training based on the Calgary-Cambridge model can be used as an effective method to improve interviewing skills among midwifery students. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved

HLA-DRB, DQA and DQB allele frequencies in Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis B by PCR-SSP

Background: The outcome of acute hepatitis B infection may be influenced by host genetic factors like human leukocyte antigen (HLA). To investigate the association between the HLA-DRB, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles and chronic hepatitis B infection, 50 patients with chronic hepatitis B (based on 6 months positive of HBsAg and HBc antibody and HBeAg and antibody by serological test), were selected from Turkman population in north east of Iran .Allele frequency in patients were compared with a 65 aged and sex match control group from healthy blood donor of that ethnic population. Methods: HLA DRB, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were determined using polymerase chain reaction based on sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. Allele frequencies in patients and control subjects were compared by Epi-info statistical soft-wear. Results: There was a significant increase and positive association in HLA-DRB1*0301, DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0604 allele frequency in patients group while the frequency of HLA-DRB1*1301, 1501 and DQB1*0401 and DQA1*0401, 0102 were lower in patients than control group and shows negative association. Conclusion: In Iranian Torkman population, HLA DRB1*0301, DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0604 have an important role in susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B infection and HLA DRB1*1301, 1501, DQB1*0401 are associated with protection to chronic hepatitis B infection. Larger case control studies may be helpful to confirm our investigation