Economic Impact of Leafy Spurge in Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDS IN NORTH DAKOTA

In the early 1990s, many North Dakota trade centers took a proactive role in economic development by adopting local option sales taxes to generate funds to provide gap and incentive financing for primary sector businesses. The goals of these regional development funds are generally to create jobs, expand the tax base, and increase local economic activity. Information was gathered from seven of the regional development funds in North Dakota to evaluate their job creation and funding activities. Regional development funds in Dickinson, Grand Forks, Jamestown, Minot, Valley City, Wahpeton, and Williston collectively used $21.9 million in support of 4,485 jobs from 1988 through 1995. The average investment by the regional development funds per job supported during that period was$4,900. The average employment created per business assisted was over 18 full-time jobs. The success rate for businesses assisted was about 90 percent. Factors important to cooperative economic development projects between the regional development funds and neighboring communities include local community support for the business project, financial participation from local bank and community, and business and civic involvement in the project. The success of the regional development funds was largely the result of strong support in the trade centers for economic development initiatives, risk minimization on business ventures, and access to and involvement with other local and state economic development resources. Note: Figure 1 on page 16 is not included in the machine readable file- -contact the authors for more information.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

ECONOMIC PROFILE OF BILLINGS COUNTY

Policies affecting the use of public lands can have direct consequences for industries that rely on outputs from those lands. In recent years, environmental concerns have prompted a revisiting of the policies governing the use of those lands. Subsequently, alternative policies have been proposed that would move the management of some public lands away from the concepts of "multiple use" to those of limited access or wilderness designations, ultimately eliminating many consumptive uses on those lands. Thus, for industries and regional economies relying on public resources, it is necessary to (1) draw attention to the economic importance of those lands, (2) identify the potential consequences of changes in their management and use, and (3) develop plans and options for the future use of those resources. Billings County, in western North Dakota, is comprised of about 50 percent public land. Natural resource use plays a critical role in the county's economy. Public lands provide important inputs for local industries in Billings County, such as oil and natural gas production, livestock grazing, wildlife production, scenic attractions, and outdoor recreation. Energy and agriculture are the largest industries, accounting for 88 percent of all "new wealth" in the county. The remaining activity comes from tourism and federal activities. Overall, the size of the county's economic base has been decreasing, paralleling declines in the energy industry. The economic effect of potential changes in local industries was demonstrated by changing the level of economic base activities in key industries and using input/output analysis to show the subsequent secondary effects on the regional economy. From the information provided, Billings County can determine the economic consequences of changes in the use of the county's natural resources.public land use, economic base analysis, basic sector industries, North Dakota., Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use,

Economic Contribution of the United States Sunflower Industry

Industrial Organization, Production Economics,

Economic Contribution of the Wheat Industry to the North Dakota Economy

Industrial Organization, Marketing, Production Economics,

CONTRIBUTION OF HOSPITALS TO NORTH DAKOTA'S ECONOMY

Community hospital administrators in North Dakota were surveyed to determine the amount and type of expenditures made to North Dakota entities in 1997. Estimates of net revenues retained within the state were also solicited. Forty-two of the 44 community hospitals in the state responded. Economic activity from hospitals in the state was divided into two groups--community hospitals and all hospitals. In-state expenditures for Federal and Native American facilities were generated from survey results. Expenditures and returns (direct impacts) from community hospitals in the state were about $832 million in 1997. When the six military, Veteran, state, and tribal hospitals were included, industry-wide direct impacts increased to$904 million. Input-output analysis was used to estimate the secondary economic effects. In-state spending by community hospitals and all hospitals was estimated to generate an additional $1.5 billion and$1.7 billion in secondary economic activity, respectively. Gross business volume (direct and secondary effects) attributable to community hospitals in 1997 was estimated at $2.4 billion, while all hospitals were estimated to generate$2.6 billion in the state. Community hospitals and associated facilities (i.e., nursing homes, clinics) in the state were estimated to directly employ 14,013 full-time equivalent positions. Secondary employment resulting from the business activity created by community hospitals was estimated at 36,174 full-time equivalent jobs. Direct and secondary employment attributable to community hospitals represented 14.8 percent of total state employment in 1997. Direct and secondary employment by all hospitals in the state was estimated at 15,355 and 39,921 full-time equivalent jobs, respectively. Direct and secondary employment attributable to all hospitals represented 16.3 percent of all state employment. Community hospitals and all hospitals were also responsible for about $43.5 million and$48.9 million in state-collected tax revenues, respectively. Comparisons to previous estimates of the economic importance of hospitals revealed that the economic contribution of all hospitals in the state has increased in real terms (inflation adjusted) since 1991, despite reductions in the number of hospitals and hospital beds. Gross business volume, adjusted for inflation, for all hospitals was $1.7 billion in 1991. Equivalent estimates for all hospitals in 1997 was nearly$2.4 billion. Hospitals accounted for about 8 percent of economy-wide personal income and 7 percent of state retail sales. In addition, direct and secondary employment from all hospitals (not including clinics and nursing homes) accounted for 15.4 percent of North Dakota's employment in 1997. Hospitals in the state generate a substantial amount of economic activity and continue to be an important contributor to the state's economy.hospitals, economic impact, North Dakota, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Health Economics and Policy,

Economic Impact of Expanded Calf Backgrounding and Expanded Irrigation: Applications of the Value-Added Agriculture Impact Assessment Model

Farm Management,

Economic Contribution of the Petroleum Industry to North Dakota

The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic contribution of crude oil and natural gas exploration, extraction, transportation, and processing in North Dakota in 2005. Primary data for the study came from three separate surveys of firms involved with various aspects of the petroleum industry. Exploration, the process of finding mineral resources, was estimated to have direct impacts (in-state expenditures) of $445.1 million. Extraction, the process of developing and recovering mineral resources, had direct impacts of$909.6 million. The processing sector of the industry, which included pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas, had $132 million in direct impacts. The North Dakota Input-Output Model was used to estimate the secondary economic impacts (multiplier effects). The$1.4 billion in direct impacts were estimated to generate $2.4 billion in secondary impacts. The gross business volume for the entire industry in North Dakota in 2005 was estimated at$3.9 billion. Other economic measures for the industry were estimated, which included direct contributions to local and state government tax revenues of over $280 million, 5,267 full-time jobs, economy-wide personal income of$1.5 billion, statewide retail sales of over $900 million, indirect contribution of$55 million in state government general tax collections, and secondary employment of 20,650 full-time equivalent jobs. While only a snapshot in time, results from this study would suggest that recent upswings in energy prices, increased drilling activity, and growth in oil and gas production in North Dakota have made the petroleum industry the one of largest single industries in the state.Petroleum, North Dakota, Economic impact, Employment, Tax revenues, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Economic Impact of Sisseton-Wahpeton College on the Regional Economy

Community/Rural/Urban Development, Public Economics,

Economic Contribution of the United States Sunflower Industry

Industrial Organization, Marketing, Production Economics,