Surfactant replacement therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: United Kingdom national consensus

Our aim was to develop consensus recommendations from United Kingdom (UK) neonatal specialists on the use of surfactant for the management of respiratory distress syndrome RDS in preterm infants. RDS due to surfactant deficiency is common in preterm infants. Signs, including tachypnoea, recessions, and grunting, usually commence shortly after birth, and increase in severity during the first 12–48 h of postnatal life. Significant RDS may require mechanical ventilation (MV) or noninvasive ventilatory support (NIV), both of which have potential to cause lung injury via a number of mechanisms.1 The aim of RDS management is to provide appropriate respiratory support whilst minimising complications and, ultimately, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Treatment with exogenous surfactant reduces requirement for positive pressure ventilation, mitigates risk of pulmonary air leak, and improves survival.1 International consensus guidelines on management of RDS have been published;1 however, recent developments in the field of less invasive surfactant administration prompt the need for a UK national consensus on surfactant use in preterm infants with, or at risk of, RDS