CFD Analysis of Non-Newtonian Pseudo Plastic Liquid Flow through Bends

Non-Newtonian pseudo plastic liquid flow through different types of 0.0127 m diameter pipe bends as well as straight pipe have been investigated experimentally to evaluate frictional pressure drop across the bends in laminar and water flow in turbulent condition. We have studied here the effect of flow rate, bend angle, fluid behavior on static pressure and pressure drop. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based software is used to predict the static pressure, pressure drop, shear stress, shear strain, flow structure, friction factor, loss co- efficient inside the bends for Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (SCMC) solution as a non-Newtonian pseudo plastic fluids and water as a Newtonian fluid. Laminar Non-Newtonian pseudo plastic Power law model is used for SCMC solution to numerically solve the continuity and the momentum equations. The experimental data are compared with the CFD generated data and is well matched. The software predicted data may be used to solve any industrial problem and also to design various equipment

Convergent-divergent column - as extraction column for aromatics extraction from light petroleum fraction

The objective of the investigation is to find the applicability of a convergent-divergent column as an extractor. Experiments have been carried out to extract aromatics from simulated light petroleum fraction in a convergent-divergent column and two straight columns

Bioremediation and Detoxification Technology for Treatment of Dye(s) from Textile Effluent

The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of an integrated process for microbial treatment of dye(s) containing wastewater from textile effluent that evaluates the efficiency and effectiveness to meet the dye(s)’ maximum contaminant level. This chapter covers the whole process of microbial treatment methods that are adopted for dye removal to make an eco-friendly system. The purpose of this treatment technology includes process modifications and engineering approaches. It comprises existing technologies with new advancement technology at all stages of the process. This chapter evaluates the reliability of technologies for small and large systems to make the system cost-effective. It also demonstrates how genetically engineered microorganism works and shows that the “microbial treatment platform for dye removal” can operate with positive economical balance to economize the bioprocess technology. Thus, future prospects of microbial treatment technology should be directed not only how to economically improve bioremediation but also how to effectively commercialize such economically sounded “bio-based” treatment methods in different industries

Zero-field spin splitting in a two-dimensional electron gas with the spin-orbit interaction revisited

We consider a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with the Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. We derive analytical expressions of the density of states (DOS) of a 2DEG with the Rashba SOI in presence of magnetic field by using the Green's function technique. The DOS allows us to obtain the analytical expressions of the magnetoconductivities for spin-up and spin-down electrons. The conductivities for spin-up and spin-down electrons oscillate with different frequencies and gives rise to the beating patterns in the amplitude of the Shubnikov de Hass (SdH) oscillations. We find a simple equation which determines the zero-field spin splitting energy if the magnetic field corresponding to any beat node is known from the experiment. Our analytical results reproduce well the experimentally observed non-periodic beating patterns, number of oscillations between two successive nodes and the measured zero-field spin splitting energy.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Prediction of maximum permeate flux (%) of disc membrane using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

The paper investigates increasing permeate flux (%) of the disc membrane which can improve the quality of rubber industrial effluent of Tripura. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the independent influencing parameters to improve the permeate flux. The effect of different influencing parameters like operating pressure, membrane pore size and inlet feed velocity on membrane permeate flux were studied to determine the optimum operating conditions within the predefined boundary. The experiments were pre-planned and designed according to Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), and second-order polynomial regression model was developed for regression and ANOVA study. Results show the membrane has maximum permeate flux (%) when the operating pressure is 14.50 Pa, pore size is 0.20 Âľm and inlet feed velocity is 2.10 m/sec. The Pareto analysis in the study established that the inlet velocity was the most influential parameter in the model equation.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Not Available

Authors would like to acknowledge to DBT, Govt. of India for financial support (BT/PR25035/NER/95/973/2017).The isolation of ten different cyanobacteria were carried out from northern parts of India and among them the cyanobacterium with maximum specific growth rate (0.246 day(-1)) was selected for the present study. The strain was further identified using morphometric and molecular analysis using 16S rDNA sequencing and was found to be related with Leptolyngbya sp. (GenBank accession no.: KF953500). The analysis of biomass composition showed ash content, amount of carbohydrate, lipid content, amount of protein, and moisture were found to be 6.8, 27.20, 18.30, 45.70, and 2% respectively. Over 26.6% increment in lipid content was evidenced when the strain was grown in BG11 medium augmented with salinity (25 mM sodium chloride) as compared to BG11 medium without sodium chloride. The unsaturated fatty acids was found 1.39 times higher than saturated fatty acids in KF953500. The lipid separated from cyanobacteria showed saponification value of 220.28, iodine value of 84.08, cetane number of 52.16, degree of unsaturation of 84.04 (%), long-chain saturation factor of 3.09 (%) and cold-filter plugging point of -6.76 degrees C which are generally in covenant with international standards of biodiesel. Other biodiesel properties such as pour point, flash point, acid number, viscosity, specific gravity, and density were found to be -18 degrees C, 126 degrees C, 0.34 mg KOH/g, 4.08 mm(2) s(-1), 0.812, and 854 kg m(-3) respectively which falls within the acceptable ranges as per ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, signifying the aptness of the microalga as promising sustainable feedstock for biodiesel.[BT/PR25035/NER/95/973/2017