Knowledge of midwives, from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province to ward midwifery legal and religious commandments and some of the relevant factors in 2006

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: ماماها در حیطه کاری خود با مسائل قانونی و شرعی مختلفی مواجه می‌باشند. با توجه به پیشرفت های مامایی در زمینه‌های مختلف از جمله: موارد سقط درمانی، روشهای پیشگیری و روشهای نوین درمان ناباروری، احکام شرعی و استفتائات جدیدی نیز از ناحیه فقها و مراجع تقلید صادر گردیده است، که این امر موجب ضرورت آگاهی ماماها از احکام شرعی و قانونی فوق می گردد. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی میزان آگاهی ماماهای استان چهارمحال و بختیاری نسبت به احکام شرعی و قانونی حیطه مامائی و برخی از عوامل مرتبط با آن صورت گرفته است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی 151 نفر مامای شاغل در مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهرهای استان چهارمحال و بختیاری از طریق نمونه‌گیری آسان انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات توسط پرسشنامه ای که شامل مشخصات دموگرافیک و سؤالات مربوط به احکام قانونی و شرعی بود جمع‌آوری و سپس با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری کای اسکوار و t تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: میانگین سنی نمونه‌ها 8/7±9/26 سال و بیشتر افراد تحصیلات فوق دیپلم داشتند (2/66). فقط 7/12 نسبت به کل احکام شرعی و قانونی آگاه بودند. آگاهی کافی نسبت به احکام قانونی در 3/15 و نسبت به احکام شرعی در 3/11 افراد دیده شد. 9/60 افراد طی خدمت خود به مسئله‌ای برخورد کرده بودند که حکم آن را نمی‌دانستند. 1/78 معتقد بودند که آموزش حین تحصیل نیازهای حرفه‌ای ماماها را در زمینه مسائل قانونی و شرعی تامین نمی‌کند. 1/88 گفته بودند که در صورت برگزاری برنامه بازآموزی در‌ آن شرکت می‌کنند. بین هیچکدام از مشخصات دموگرافیک با آگاهی ارتباط معنی داری دیده نشد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به آگاهی کم، اعلام نیاز به بازآموزی و تمایل به شرکت در بازآموزی در اکثریت نمونه‌ها، تدوین برنامه‌های آموزشی مستمر در این زمینه ضروری است. همچنین توصیه می شود جهت پربارتر کردن محتوی درسی دانشجویان مامائی در زمینه مورد بحث در سر فصل دروس دانشگاهی تجدید نظر گردد

Investigation of agricultural mechanization status in corn production of Iran

For determination and assessing the effect of agricultural mechanization in irrigated corn of Iran, two indicators have been used: cultivated area (ha) and yield (kg/ha).  Several regression models have been built, using Mechanization Level (ML) and Mechanization Ownership (MO) of all agricultural operations, as input, and cultivated area and yield as output, separately.  The survey was carried out by means of data obtained from Agricultural Ministry of Iran in the period of 2001-2008.  The results revealed that mechanization ownership of planting and harvesting have a significant effect on cultivated area of corn in Iran with 95% and 99% confidence, respectively.  Based on obtained results, agricultural mechanization has an important role in improvement of corn production in Iran.  Levels of mechanization in each agricultural operation have different effects on yield improvement.  Policy makers can consider important factors between mechanization inputs to improve the corn production of Iran.   Keywords: yield, regression model, mechanizatio

In vitro comparison of the effect of honey and clotrimazole against Candida albicans isolated from vagina

Background and aims: Candida albicans is the most common cause of Vulvovaginitis Candidiasis that is the most common vaginitis in human. It is estimated that more than 90 of these infections are caused by Candida albicans. Medical treatment for these infections is carried out with chemotherapeutic drugs such as azoles. The increasing resistance of C. albicans to the azoles as well as their probable side effects is public concerns. Therefore, research for new natural component having antifungal activity has been considered to be very important. This study was designed to compare the effect of honey and clotrimazole against Candida albicans isolated from vagina and standard strain. Methods: In this clinical trial study, Samples of vaginal discharges were prepared from 100 women with vulvovaginitis candidiasis. Isolation and complete identification of Candida species were performed andthe suspension of Candida albicans prepared for insemination. Different concentrations of honey and clotrimazol were prepared and 10 µl of yeast suspension was added and incubated. Then 10 µl of these medium was cultured. Finally, the number of yeasts was counted and MIC50 and MIC90 were determined in comparison with positive control. Results: Different concentrations of honey and clotrimazol inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. In MIC 50 the mean concentrations of honey and clotrimazol were 1.15±0.49 g/ml and 60.26± 6.24 µ g/ml respectively. In MIC 90 the mean concentrations of honey and clotrimazol were 3.10± 3.15 g/ml and 2.38±2.36µ g/ml respectively. This means that honey in 3.10 g/ml concentration had the same effect as clotrimazol with concentration of 2.38µ g/ml. Conclusion: Honey markedly inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and its effect was comparable to cloitrimazol

Knowledge, attitude and practice about breast cancer screening and related factors among women referred to health care centers in Boroujen in 2005

زمینه و هدف: سرطان پستان شایع ترین سرطان در زنان است. به طوری 16 کل سرطان ها را در ایران به خود اختصاص می دهد و در ایالات متحده آمریکا چهارمین علت مرگ زنان به شمار می آید. از آنجایی که روش های غربالگری از جمله بهترین روش های تشخیص زودرس سرطان پستان می باشند که انجام آنها به طور چشمگیری از شیوع سرطان پیشگیری می کند، لذا این مطالعه به منظور بررسی آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد زنان مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر بروجن نسبت به روشهای غربالگری سرطان پستان انجام گردید. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی تعداد 400 زن بالای 20 سال از طریق نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه که شامل مشخصات دموگرافیک و سؤالات آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد بود جمع آوری گردید. این اطلاعات توسط آزمون های رگرسیون لوجستیک و آزمون کای دو مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارگرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد 8/37 افراد از خودآزمائی، 8/7 از معاینه فیزیکی و 6 افراد از ماموگرافی آگاهی داشتند. نگرش کلی در مورد روشهای غربالگری 6/15 منفی 7/67 در حد متوسط و 7/16 مثبت بود. 1/47 افراد به انجام خودآزمائی، 2/71 به معاینه فیزیکی و 9/68 به انجام ماموگرافی تمایل داشتند. 5/4 افراد خودآزمائی را بطور مرتب و ماهیانه انجام می دادند. در 3/16 افراد معاینه فیزیکی توسط پزشک و کارکنان بهداشتی انجام شده بود که فقط 4 به منظور غربالگری صورت گرفته بود. 3/4 افراد ماموگرافی غربالگری انجام داده بودند. مهمترین عامل مؤثر بر خودآزمائی، سابقه وجود بیماری خوش خیم پستان در فرد بود (05/0

Comparing the effects of massage and intra intramuscular pethidine on pain relief in the stages of labor and the length of labor

Introduction: Systemic opioids and massage therapy are widely used for pain relief during labor. The aim of this study was to compare between massage and intramuscular pethidine (meperidine) for pain relief in the stages of labor and the length of labor. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 120 pregnant women referred to valiasr hospital in Broojen, Iran in 2012. Subjects were randomly allocated into three groups of massage, intramuscular pethidine and standard care. Data were collected using interview forms, observation and examination. Pain intensity was measured using visual analogue scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and descriptive statistics, paired t-test, chi-square, ANOVA, Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Pain intensity showed significant differences between the three groups, 30 minutes after the intervention and pain intensity was lower in the massage group than other groups (p=0.001). Intensity of uterine contractions showed significant differences between the three groups and it was lower in massage group than other groups (p<0.0001). There was no significant differences in duration of the first (p=0.086) and the second stages (p=0.295) of labor in all groups. Conclusion: Massage and intramuscular pethidine reduced pain during labor, but massage therapy provided more persistent pain relief and without any side effects. Massage therapy is a safe, effective and inexpensive intervention and it can be used for pain relief during labor

Comparison of vaginal ointment of honey and clotrimazole for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: A random clinical trial

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most prevalent vaginitis in women, accounting for 10 million medical referrals a year. Vaginal clotrimazole is a drug of choice for VVC treatment. However, increased drug resistance to this microorganism has led to an interest in naturally derived antifungal drugs. This study was conducted to compare honey vaginal ointment and clotrimazole vaginal ointment for VVC treatment. METHODS: Eighty women diagnosed with VVC were assigned to two groups for honey ointment and clotrimazole ointment treatment using a simple randomization rule. The ointments were applied at night for seven days. The disease symptoms including inflammation, vaginal discharge, and irritation at baseline in the fourth and eighth days of treatment were examined and compared between the two groups. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 20 with the Friedman test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test. P<0.05 was considered as the significance. RESULTS: The two groups were similar for inflammation severity, irritation, and discharge at baseline. In both the groups, the symptoms disappeared after treatment. On the eighth day of treatment, there was a significant difference in inflammation and vaginal discharge between the two groups. Inflammation (P=0.002) and vaginal discharge (P=0.003) recovered better in the clotrimazole group. But there was no significant difference in irritation severity and satisfaction with treatment between the two groups. In the two groups, no side effects were reported. CONCLUSION: Honey contributes to treating VVC. Thanks to the popular positive attitudes of honey, its availability, no need for sterility, and its cost-effectiveness, it is a choice of treatment for VVC. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS

INCIDENCE AND SOURCE OF ANXIETY OF MIDWIFERY STUDENTS IN CONDUCT THEIR FIRST VAGINAL EXAMINATION.

Background & Aims: The professional education can be a very stressful experience. Vaginal examinations are especially sensitive, both for the inexperienced midwifery student and for the pregnant woman being examined. This study aimed to determine anxiety of midwifery students when they conduct their first vaginal examination. Materials & Methods: In this cross- sectional study included 47 sophomore midwifery students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. The students were asked to complete two questionnaires. Spielberger's ..

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CLOTRIMAZOLE AND SALVIA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT AGAINST VAGINAL CANDIDA ALBICANS ISOLATED FRO...

Background: Vaginal Candidiasis is the most common vaginitis in women and Clotrimazole is the choice treatment. The side effects of drugs and microorganisms resistant are big problems in medicine and herbal therapy seems to be suitable alternative. This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal effects of Clotrimazole and Salvia officinalis on vaginal C. albicans. Materials and Methods: A vaginal sample of 100 women with vaginal candidiasis was collected in the tube containing 1cc of normal saline. These samples