Evaluation of the immunity factors (THC, TPP, PO, SOD, POD) of shrimp fed with the algae Gracilaria corticata compared to shrimp fed without algae and exposed to white spot virus

White spot disease (WSD) is one of the shrimp deadliest viral diseases that causes heavy losses on all shrimp of Penaeid family. Most invertebrates are lacking adaptive immune system and its defense is the innate immune system that is as cellular and humoral, but a like immune system against white spot virus in shrimp was been detected. In this research, control and prevention of white spot disease in shrimp using algae Gracilaria corticata, investigated. About 300 vannamei shrimp were divided to 4 groups and fed by normal pellet and algae extract in 14 days. At the end of the fourteenth day half of the shrimp were challenged with acute white spot virus. After the fourteenth day in the days 0, 3, 9, 18 and 25 sampling were done from the hemolymph of survived shrimps and survival and immune factors were evaluated. Based on results, in the challenge test, shrimps that fed with algae extract has a significant survival rate than shrimp fed with commercial diet. Increased the Immune Factors from day one to day 25 observed during the test. Greatest amount of Immune Factors THC, TPP, SOD, POD and PO in T1 group were observed in day 25 of tests. This situation was also true for group2 (T2), but its rate significantly was less than group 1(T1)

A study on immunological factors in white spot vaccinated shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei in comparison to none vaccinated groups

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of white spot virus vaccine produced by gamma irradiation in the face of Litopenaeus vannamei in comparison with Gracilaria corticata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Seven hundred and twenty healthy shrimp SPF L. vannamei subadult with average weight of 10±1.02 g were collected and divided into 8 groups. The first group (T1) was fed with commercial pellet as control. The second group (T2) was fed with S. cerevisiae added to shrimp feed (1 g/Kg), the third group (T3) G. corticata so that algae Gracilaria were dried and added to shrimp feed at the rate of 1500 mg per kg and finally, the fourth group (T4) was vaccination group which the shrimp were exposed to the vaccine and injected intramuscularly gamma irradiant WSSV (1µl/gbw) for 10 days. The shrimps of all groups were then injected with WSSV and maintained for 25 days. Results indicated that the survival rates for groups T4, T3 T2 and T1 were 57.05±3.52%, 22.5±0.5%, 15±1.05% and 00.0±0%, respectively. Ultimately, at the end of the study the shrimp group T4 showed higher hematological data: THC, TPP, SOD, POD and PO. The study concluded that gamma irradiant WSSV is effective immunostimulants in shrimp L. vannamei and the immunity has better performances than those of the G. corticata and S. cerevisiae

Monitoring and identification of viral pathogens in SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) shrimp production project

Shrimp aquaculture has developed rapidly in 1980s decade and this development caused to increase shrimp diseases in farms. In the last 0f 1980s and first of 1990s find of health shrimp Postlarvae for stocking was hard. In Iran also after two decades diseases are the main problems, then a national project (Shrimp SPF production) was performed that this section was monitoring and identification of viral pathogens in that project. For this propose selected shrimps in farms was sampled and screened for main viruses (OIE list), shrimps without infection bring to quarantine system for one month and in the end of quarantine period were screened again. Then in winter spending, before and after spawning, it’s offspring in F1 and F2 also screened for viral pathogens by IQ2000 kit in Iranian veterinary organization lab. Moreover all shrimp feeds in clouding: fresh feed, live feed and pellet feed had been screened for OIE viral pathogens listed for three years. Results of viruses screening in shrimp sampled in all stages of project and feed that use in this project were negative. This project (SPF shrimp production in IRAN) performed successfully, we think this success relate to biosecurity system that were influence in this project

Microbial agents of water (bacterial, viral and fungi) in specific pathogen free shrimps producing

Shrimp aquaculture as one of the most important activities in the world and Iran is expanding. Bacteria and fungi of the most common infectious agents causing diseases are in the hatchery and shrimp. The most important bacteria causing diseases in the hatcheries and shrimp Farms, bacteria are Vibrionaceae family. The fungi can be identified as Fusarium, Mucor, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and yeast. Utilized of water supply system in this project for breeding and reproduction of shrimp is a controlled system. The purpose of this action, control and stabilization of water quality during the breeding period and in all sectors. This system act as a part of biological security. Incoming water before the utilization was monitored for the total bacteria count, fungi and as well as Vibrionaceae family, each 15 days. If contamination is too predictable, additional tests and necessary treatments were carried out to improve the quality of the water. The water, after use in the system and after passing through the filtration system, was guided out

The Iranian physicians attitude toward the do not resuscitate order

Masood Fallahi,1 Homayion Banaderakhshan,1 Alireza Abdi,1 Fariba Borhani,2 Rasool Kaviannezhad,3 Hassan Ali Karimpour4 1School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Medical Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 3Department of Anesthesia, Paramedical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 4Critical Care, School of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Background: Physicians are responsible for making decisions about the do not resuscitate (DNR) order of patients; however, most of them are faced with some uncertainty in decision making and ethical aspects. Moreover, there are differences on decision making related to the DNR order among physicians, which may be related to the different attitudes toward this issue. Considering the lack of information, this study was performed to investigate doctors’ attitude about DNR order for patients in their final phases of life. Methods: In a descriptive–analytical study, 152 physicians were enrolled as quota sampling subjects from educational hospitals affiliated to the Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The tool used was a researcher-developed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean of attitude toward DNR was 3.22, for which the univariate t-test showed a significant positive attitude toward DNR (P=0.002); the mean of attitude number toward DNR was higher in physicians with higher education level (P=0.002). But this difference was not found in terms of age group, sex, and experiences in participating in DNR decisions. Conclusion: Due to the positive attitude of doctors toward DNR orders and lack of identified guidance, clear guidelines that comply with the Iranian Islamic culture are necessary to be established. Implementing this directive requires comprehensive training to various groups, including patients, doctors, nurses, administrators, and policy makers of the health system. Keywords: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, physicians, attitud