3-(4-Chloro­anilino)-5,5-dimethyl­cyclo­hex-2-en-1-one

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H16ClNO, contains two independent mol­ecules, both with the cyclo­hexene ring in a sofa conformation. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules related by translation along the a axis into two crystallographically independent chains. Weak C—H⋯π inter­actions are also observed

(E)-4-(4-Meth­oxy­phen­yl)but-3-en-2-one

In the title compound, C11H12O2, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the but-3-en-2-one group is 4.04 (5)°. The crystal packing features chains, parallel to [-101], composed of dimers connected by weak C—H⋯O inter­actions.

Reflections on Seminole Rock: The Past, Present, and Future of Deference to Agency Regulatory Interpretations

Seminole Rock (or Auer) deference has captured the attention of scholars, policymakers, and the judiciary. That is why Notice & Comment, the blog of the Yale Journal on Regulation and the American Bar Association’s Section of Administrative Law & Regulatory Practice, hosted an online symposium from September 12 to September 23, 2016 on the subject. This symposium contains over 20 contributions addressing different aspects of Seminole Rock deference. Topics include: History of Seminole Rock Empirical Examinations of Seminole Rock Understanding Seminole Rock Within Agencies Understanding Seminole Rock as Applied to Tax, Environmental Law, and Criminal Sentencing Why Seminole Rock Matters Should the Supreme Court Overrule Seminole Rock? Would Overruling Seminole Rock Have Unintended Consequences? What Might the Supreme Court Do? What Might Congress Do? The Future of Seminole Roc

A recipe for simulating the interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon and its relation with ENSO

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Climate Dynamics 28 (2007): 441-460, doi: 10.1007/s00382-006-0190-0.This study investigates how accurately the interannual variability over the Indian Ocean basin and the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can be simulated by different modelling strategies. With a hierarchy of models, from an atmospherical general circulation model (AGCM) forced by observed SST, to a coupled model with the ocean component limited to the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, the role of heat fluxes and of interactive coupling is analyzed. Whenever sea surface temperature anomalies in the Indian basin are created by the coupled model, the inverse relationship between the ENSO index and the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is recovered, and it is preserved if the atmospherical model is forced by the SSTs created by the coupled model. If the ocean model domain is limited to the Indian Ocean, changes in the Walker circulation over the Pacific during El Nino years induce a decrease of rainfall over the Indian subcontinent. However the observed correlation between the ENSO and the Indian Ocean Zonal Mode (IOZM) is not properly modelled and the two indices are not significantly correlated, independently on season. Whenever the ocean domain extends to the Pacific, and ENSO can impact both the atmospheric circulation and the ocean subsurface in the equatorial Eastern Indian Ocean, modelled precipitation patterns associated both to ENSO and to the IOZM closely resemble the observations.The experiments described were performed as a contribution to the ENSEMBLES project funded by the European Commission’s 6th Framework Programme, contract number GOCE-CT-2003-505539

Infrared spectroscopic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies on Dy substituted magnesium ferrite

Dysprosium substituted magnesium ferrite with composition MgDyxFe2-xO4 with 0.00 <= x <= 0.07 synthesized by the solid state reaction technique was subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance studies. Infrared spectrum analysis were carried out to confirm the spinel phase formation and to ascertain the cation distribution in the ferrite phase. The absorption spectra show two significant absorption bands between 400 and 1000 cm(-1) which are attributed to tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites of the spinel phase. The positions of bands were found to be composition dependent. Splitting of bands as well as appearance of shoulders shows the presence of Fe2+ ions in the system. The force constants for tetrahedral and octahedral sites were calculated and found to vary with Dy3+ ions content. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of these samples exhibit broad, asymmetric resonance signal due to Fe3+/Dy3+ ions present in the host lattice. The spectra become broader with Dy3+ ions substitution in pure Mg-ferrite and this broadening is attributed to surface spin disorder (spin frustration) possibly coming from mainly antiferromagnetic interactions between the neighbouring spins in the magnetic grains. The weak superexchange interactions results in the broadening of the resonance line width and large g-value as compared to the free electron value

Stable Isotopes in Precipitation in the Asian Monsoon Region

[1] The influence of the Asian monsoon on the delta(18)O composition of precipitation is investigated on the basis of the ECHAM-4 Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM), fitted with stable isotopic tracers. The model is forced with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SST) over the last few decades of the 20th century. The simulated climate and climate - stable isotope relationships are validated with observational data from the International Atomic Energy Agency - Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (IAEA-GNIP) and reanalysis data. The model shows deficiencies when simulating interannual variations of monsoon precipitation, but the associated monsoon circulation is quite accurately reproduced, in particular when run in a high-resolution (T106) version. The modeled stable isotope distribution is quite similar to observations, but the local climatic controls on delta(18)O are overestimated. The influence of the Asian monsoon on delta(18)O is analyzed on the basis of a vertical wind shear index M, indicative of variations in large-scale monsoon strength. The ECHAM model simulates a significant negative relationship between delta(18)O composition of precipitation and M over most monsoon-affected areas, consistent with the IAEA-GNIP data. Variations in the amount of precipitation provide a first-order explanation for this relationship. Distillation processes during transport and hence increased rainout and depletion of heavy isotopes upstream may also lead to a significant monsoon-delta(18)O relationship in areas where local precipitation is not affected by monsoon variability. The modern delta(18)O record from the Dasuopu ice core in the Himalayas is a good indicator of the large-scale monsoon circulation, a relationship that is correctly simulated by the T106 version of the ECHAM model. Our results suggest that delta(18)O variations in this region are sensitive to fluctuations in Asian monsoon intensity. [References: 65